Effects of RA on cell death of DSS-molded mice. (A) Heat map of relative expression of cell death mRNA in the small intestine of a mouse; (B) western blot assay of Caspase8, p-RIPK1, p-RIPK3, p-MLKL, Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase12, Caspase9, Caspase3; (C-K) protein expression of Caspase8 (C), p-RIPK1(D), p-RIPK3 (E), p-MLKL(F), Bax(G), Bcl-2(H), Caspase12(I), Caspase9(J), Caspase3(K) in RA- and DSS-treated mouse models. The data are represented as SEM ± mean (n = 4) and analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey post-mortality. Control group (C), rosmarinic acid treatment group (RA), rosmarinic acid with DSS treatment group (RA + DSS), DSS-induced enteritis (DSS) group (ns, not statistically significant, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001).