. 2023 Nov 16;13(12):401. doi: 10.1007/s13205-023-03806-6

Table 1.

Types of transporters involved in drug efflux

Sr. no.	Type of transporter	Organism	Genes	Function	Energy source	Antibiotics	Other molecules	References
1	ABC transporter	Vibrio cholerae	VcaM	Uptake and efflux	ATP	Fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines	Drugs, ions, sugars, polysaccharides, proteins	Lubelski et al. (2007)
2	MATE transporter	Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, N. meningitidis	NorM	Efflux	Na⁺ ions	Fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides	Cationic dyes	Kuroda and Tsuchiya (2009)
3	SMR transporter	Staphylococcus epidermidis, E. coli	EmeR	Efflux	Proton-motive force H⁺	β-Lactams, aminoglycosides	Lipophilic cations	Bay et al. (2008)
4	MFS transporter	Acinetobacter baumannii	SmvA	Efflux	Solute/cation (H⁺ or Na⁺) Symport or solute/H⁺ antiport	Erythromycin	Anions, metabolites and sugars	Collu and Cascella (2013)
			CraA, CmlA			Chloramphenicol
			MefB			Macrolide
		E. coli	QepA			Fluoroquinolone
		E. coli	Fsr			Trimethoprim
		Staphylococcus aureus	NorA			Fluoroquinolones
		Staphylococcus aureus	LmrS			Linezolid
5	RND transporter, MDR transporter	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	MecAB-OprM	Efflux (Tet pump- tetracyclines, Mef pump-macrolides)	Sub/H⁺ antiport	All antibiotics	Dyes, Detergents, Heavy metals, solvents	Deak et al. (2016)
5	RND transporter, MDR transporter	E. coli	AcrAB-TolC	Efflux (Tet pump- tetracyclines, Mef pump-macrolides)	Sub/H⁺ antiport		Dyes, Detergents, Heavy metals, solvents	Deak et al. (2016)