Table 1. Randomized trials of remote heart management for patients with heart failure.
| Trial (year) | TEN-HMS (2005)10) | BEAT-HF (2015)11) | TIM-HF2 (2018)12) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Telenursing with telemonitoring | Telenursing without telemonitoring | Usual care | Remote group | Usual care | Remote group | Usual care | |||
| Patient’s background | |||||||||
| Number | 168 | 173 | 85 | 715 | 722 | 765 | 773 | ||
| Age (years) | 67 | 67 | 68 | 73 | 74 | 70 | 70 | ||
| Female (%) | 20 | 28 | 18 | 46.6 | 47.1 | 30 | 31 | ||
| EF (%) | 25 | 25 | 24 | - | - | 41 | 41 | ||
| NYHA (%) | |||||||||
| I | 22 | 18 | 18 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | ||
| II | 46 | 44 | 36 | 23 | 26 | 52 | 51 | ||
| III | 23 | 30 | 42 | 66 | 64 | 47 | 47 | ||
| IV | 8 | 9 | 4 | 11 | 10 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Intervention for remote management | |||||||||
| Telenursing | + | + | − | + | − | + | − | ||
| Telemonitoring | + | − | − | + | − | + | − | ||
| Output (%) | |||||||||
| Total death | 120 days, 9 | 120 days, 12 | 120 days, 18 | 30 days, 3.4 | 30 days, 14.0 | 8 | 12 | ||
| 240 days, 18 | 240 days, 18 | 240 days, 26 | 80 days, 5.4 | 180 days, 15.8 | |||||
| Cardiac death | - | - | - | - | - | 5 | 8 | ||
| Quality of life score, MLHFQ | - | - | - | 30 days, 30.28 | 30 days, 32.21 | −3.08 (change from baseline to 12 months) | −1.98 (change from baseline to 12 months) | ||
| 180 days, 28.50 | 180 days, 32.63 | ||||||||
| Dropout rate (%) | |||||||||
| Withdraw rate during intervention | 7 | 0 | - | 15 | - | 2 | - | ||
BEAT-HF = Better Effectiveness After Transition - Heart Failure; EF = ejection fraction; MLHFQ = Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire; NYHA = New York Heart Association; TEN-HMS = Trans-European Network-Home-Care Management System; TIM-HF2 = Telemedical Interventional Management in patients with Heart Failure.