Table 2.

Key findings related to tumor heterogeneity and identification of cancer cell subtypes obtained using single-cell sequencing.

Tumor	Technology	Key findings	References
HGSOC	scRNA-seq	Coexistence of all four molecular types (differentiated, proliferative, mesenchymal, and immunoreactive) within a single HGSOC sample	(62)
Serous OC	scRNA-seq	Primary tumors showed significant heterogeneity among individual patients, whereas gene expressions in metastatic tumors were remarkably homogeneous, but distinct from those in primary tumors	(64)
HGSOC	scRNA-seq	Identified six cell types within ovarian cancer, including epithelial cells, fibroblast cells, T cells, B cells, macrophages, and endothelial cells, and the JUN pathway is a promising therapeutic target.	(65)
HGSOC	scRNA-seq	Revealed a strong association between secretory FTE cells and HGSOC subtypes, highlighting the phenotypic heterogeneity of cancer cells originating from the original cells.	(9)
HGSOC	scRNA-seq	Identified two subclasses of cancer cells associated with poor prognosis in HGSOC, which can survive during initial therapy and induce immunosuppression	(71)
HGSOC	Multi-omics Analysis of single-cell- seq	Significant heterogeneity gives rise to various subclasses of HGSOC, but a non-constant subclass exists among malignant epithelial cells.	(72)
OC	scRNA-seq	Analyze the heterogeneity of OC, normal ovary, and embryo samples; Eight distinct cell types were identified, and genetic expression analysis revealed similarities between embryo and OC samples	(73)
HGSOC	scRNA-seq	Myofibroblasts, fibroblasts, mesothelial cells, and lymphatic endothelial cells are associated with poor survival, while plasma cells are linked to a favorable prognosis.	(74)

HGSOC, high-grade serous ovarian cancer; scRNA-seq, single-cell RNA sequencing; FTE, fallopian tube epithelium; OC, ovarian cancer.