Fig. 3. 2’FL supplementation resulted in distinct responses from different infant gut microbiomes.

a–c The compositions of the FT-1 (a), FT-2 (b), and PT-1 (c) enrichments grown in BHI-mucin supplemented with 0.03% and 0.3% 2’FL with one passage. Bar height represents normalized species relative abundance, and bars are colored by species. The x-axis represents the growth media, and all replicates are shown (n = 3). The pH of each enrichment is the mean across the three replicates. The figure legend is shown on the bottom right of the figure panel. d, e The significant enrichment or depletion of FT-1 (d) and FT-2 (e) species cultured in different 2’FL concentrations (0, 0.03%, and 0.3%) with one passage. Each circle represents a species whose abundance changed significantly in different 2’FL concentrations (Spearman correlation |r| ≥ 0.8 and q < 0.05; Supplementary Table 2), and the line represents the average of all replicates; error bands indicate the 95% confidence interval. The x-axis represents the 2’FL concentrations (replicate numbers for FT-1: n = 9 from 4 independent experiments for 0% 2FL, n = 5 from 2 independent experiments for 0.03% 2’FL, n = 6 from 3 independent experiments for 0.3% 2’FL; for FT-2: n = 3 from 1 independent experiment for all 2’FL concentrations). f The FT-1 inoculum grown in media with up to 3% 2’FL with one passage and species that showed a significant depletion or enrichment in (d) are shown. The line represents the average of all replicates; error bands indicate the 95% confidence interval. The x-axis represents 2’FL concentrations (replicate numbers: n = 9 from 4 independent experiments for 0% 2FL; n = 5 from 2 independent experiments for 0.03% 2’FL; n = 3 from 1 independent experiment for 0.15% 2’FL; n = 6 from 3 independent experiments for 0.3% 2’FL; n = 5 from 2 independent experiments for 0.6% 2’FL; n = 3 from 1 independent experiment for 1% 2’FL; n = 3 with 1 independent experiment 3% 2’FL). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.