TABLE 1.

Basic characteristics of 24 randomized placebo‐controlled cardiovascular and renal outcome trials

Study	Trial Name	N	Population		Age (y)	Men (%)	White (%)	Treatment	Follow‐up (y)
Scirica et al. (2013) 11	SAVOR‐TIMI 53	16,492	T2D patients with a history of, or at risk for, CVD		65	67	75	Saxagliptin	2.1
White et al. (2013) 12	EXAMINE	5380	T2D patients with CVD		61	68	73	Alogliptin	1.5
Green et al. (2015) 13	TECOS	14,671	T2D patients with CVD		66	71	68	Sitagliptin	3
Gantz et al. (2017) 14	OMNEON	4192	T2D patients with CVD		64	70	81	Omarigliptin	1.8
Rosenstock et al. (2019) 15	CARMELINA	6979	T2D patients with high cardiovascular risk		66	63	80	Linagliptin	2.2
Pfeffer et al. (2015) 16	ELIXA	6068	T2D patients with CVD		60	70	75	Lixisenatide	2.1
Marso et al. (2016) 17	SUSTAIN‐6	3297	T2D patients with established CVD or high cardiovascular risk		65	61	83	Semaglutide	2.1
Marso et al. (2016) 18	LEADER	9340	T2D patients with high cardiovascular risk		64	64	78	Liraglutide	3.8
Holman et al. (2017) 19	EXSCEL	14,752	T2D patients with or without previous CVD		62	62	76	Exenatide	3.2
Hernandez et al. (2018) 20	HARMONY	9432	T2D patients with CVD		64	70	70	Albiglutid	1.6
Gerstein et al. (2019) 21	REWIND	9901	T2D patients with previous CVD or at high cardiovascular risk		66	54	76	Dulaglutide	5.4
Husain et al. (2019) 22	PIONEER‐6	3183	T2D patients at high cardiovascular risk		66	68	72	Semaglutide	1.3
Gerstein et al. (2021) 23	AMPLITUDE‐O	4076	T2D patients with CVD or CKD at high cardiovascular risk		72	55	76	Efpeglenatide	2.2
Zinman et al. (2015) 24	EMPA‐REG OUTCOME	7020	T2D patients with CVD		63	72	72	Empagliflozin	3.1
Neal et al. (2017) 25	CANVAS Program	10,142	T2D patients with high CV risk		63	64	78	Canagliflozin	2.4
Wiviott et al. (2019) 26	DECLARE–TIMI 58	17,161	T2D patients had or were at risk for atherosclerotic CVD		64	63	80	Dapagliflozin	4.2
Perkovic et al. (2019) 27	CREDENCE	4401	T2D patients with albuminuric CKD		63	66	67	Canagliflozin	2.6
Cannon et al. (2020) 28	VERTIS‐CV	8246	T2D patients with atherosclerotic CVD		64	70	88	Ertugliflozin	3.5
McMurray et al. (2019) 29	DAPA‐HF	4744	Patients with HFrEF, regardless of the presence or absence of T2D		66	77	70	Dapagliflozin	1.5
Heerspink et al. (2020) 30	DAPA‐CKD	4304	Patients with CKD		62	67	53	Dapagliflozin	2.4
Packer et al. (2020) 31	EMPEROR‐Reduced	3730	Patients with HFrEF		67	76	70	Empagliflozin	1.3
Anker et al. (2021) 32	EMPEROR‐Preserved	5988	Patients with HFpEF		72	55	76	Empagliflozin	2.2
Bhatt et al. (2021) 33	SCORED	10,584	T2D patients with CKD and risks for CVD		69	55	83	Sotagliflozin	1.3
Bhatt et al. (2021) 34	SOLOIST‐WHF	1222	T2D patients hospitalized for worsening heart failure		69	66	93	Sotagliflozin	0.75

Abbreviations: CKD, chronic kidney disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; N, number of population; T2D, type 2 diabetes.