Table 1.
Prevalence and Association of Mycoplasma genitalium With Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics Among 1743 Patients Attending Urban Sexual Health Clinics, September–December 2020
| Characteristic | Prevalence | aPRb | 95% CI | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (MG+/n) | % (95% CI)a | ||||
| Overall | 290/1743 | 16.6 (14.9–18.5) | … | … | |
| Sitec | |||||
| Denver, CO | 65/400 | 16.3 (12.8–20.2) | 1.7 | 1.12–2.44 | .01 |
| Greensboro, NC | 52/236 | 22.0 (16.9–27.9) | 1.8 | 1.18–2.79 | .007 |
| Indianapolis, IN | 2/9 | 22.2 (2.8–60.0) | 1.7 | .47–6.06 | .42 |
| New York, NY | 40/319 | 12.5 (9.1–16.7) | 1.3 | .83–2.02 | .26 |
| Seattle, WA | 38/384 | 9.9 (7.1–13.3) | 1.0 | ref | |
| St Louis, MO | 93/395 | 23.5 (19.4–28.0) | 1.9 | 1.27–2.85 | .002 |
| Sociodemographic characteristics | |||||
| Sexd | |||||
| Male | 158/993 | 15.9 (13.7–18.3) | 1.0 | ref | |
| Female | 132/750 | 17.6 (14.9–20.5) | 1.8 | 1.22–2.59 | .003 |
| Age | |||||
| Age continuous (per year) | 1743 | … | .97 | .955–.982 | <.001 |
| Age categories | |||||
| <18 y | 7/23 | 30.4 (13.2–52.9) | 1.0 | ref | |
| 18–24 y | 104/437 | 23.8 (19.9–28.1) | .8 | .38–1.53 | .44 |
| 25–29 y | 77/460 | 16.7 (13.4–20.5) | .5 | .27–1.11 | .10 |
| 30–39 y | 79/505 | 15.6 (12.6–19.1) | .5 | .27–1.09 | .08 |
| ≥40 y | 23/317 | 7.3 (4.7–10.7) | .2 | .11–.53 | <.001 |
| Race/ethnicitye | |||||
| NH Black | 168/804 | 20.9 (18.1–23.9) | 1.0 | ref | |
| NH White | 48/419 | 11.5 (8.6–14.9) | .6 | .46–.85 | .003 |
| NH Other | 17/115 | 14.8 (8.9–22.6) | .8 | .50–1.27 | .34 |
| Hispanic or Latinx | 36/299 | 12.0 (8.6–16.3) | .7 | .47–.93 | .02 |
| Unknown/missing | 21/106 | 19.8 (12.7–28.7) | 1.1 | .76–1.70 | .52 |
| Gender identityf | |||||
| Cisgender male | 157/979 | 16.0 (13.8–18.5) | 1.0 | ref | |
| Cisgender female | 131/737 | 17.8 (15.1–20.7) | .7 | .28–1.70 | .42 |
| Another | 2/27 | 7.4 (0.9–24.3) | … | … | |
| Sex/gender of sexual partnersg | |||||
| Males | |||||
| MSM any | 41/365 | 11.2 (8.2–14.9) | 1.0 | ref | |
| MSW only | 110/582 | 18.9 (15.8–22.3) | 1.2 | .80–1.66 | .45 |
| Females | |||||
| WSW any | 10/78 | 12.8 (6.3–22.3) | 1.0 | ref | |
| WSM only | 118/638 | 18.5 (15.6–21.7) | 1.2 | .67–2.30 | .49 |
| No sex in past year | 1/11 | 9.1 (0.2–41.3) | … | … | |
| Unknown/another | 10/69 | 14.5 (7.2–25.0) | … | … | |
| Clinical characteristics | |||||
| Symptom statush | |||||
| Males | |||||
| Asymptomatic | 43/479 | 9.0 (6.6–11.9) | 1.0 | ref | |
| Symptomatic | 115/514 | 22.4 (18.8–26.2) | 2.2 | 1.55–3.19 | <.001 |
| Females | |||||
| Asymptomatic | 44/285 | 15.4 (11.4–20.2) | 1.0 | ref | |
| Symptomatic | 88/465 | 18.9 (15.5–22.8) | 1.2 | .83–1.62 | .40 |
| Diagnosis (excluding people with diagnoses other than those listed)i | |||||
| Males | |||||
| No diagnosis | 64/631 | 10.1 (7.9–12.8) | 1.0 | ref | |
| Male urethritis | 63/235 | 26.8 (21.3–33.0) | 1.7 | 1.22–2.50 | .002 |
| Females | |||||
| No diagnosis | 65/427 | 15.2 (11.9–19.0) | 1.0 | ref | |
| Vaginitis | 55/261 | 21.1 (16.3–26.5) | 1.1 | .72–1.63 | .69 |
| Cervicitis | 2/17 | 11.8 (1.5–36.4)b | .7 | .18–2.44 | .53 |
| PID | 2/13 | 15.4 (1.9–45.4)b | .9 | .24–3.24 | .86 |
| Chlamydia (n = 1152)j | |||||
| Chlamydia negative | 119/1003 | 11.9 (9.9–14.0) | 1.0 | ref | |
| Chlamydia positive | 42/149 | 28.2 (21.1–36.1) | 1.7 | 1.13–2.53 | .01 |
| Gonorrhea (n = 1149) j | |||||
| Gonorrhea negative | 122/1019 | 12.0 (10.0–14.1) | 1.0 | ref | |
| Gonorrhea positive | 31/130 | 23.8 (16.8–32.1) | 1.6 | .99–2.43 | .053 |
Bolded values are statistically significant at P < .05.
Abbreviations: aPR, adjusted prevalence ratio; CI, confidence interval; MG, Mycoplasma genitalium; MSM, men who have sex with men; MSW, men who have sex with women; NH, non-Hispanic; PID, pelvic inflammatory disease; ref, reference; WSM, women who have sex with men; WSW, women who have sex with women.
aBinomial exact 95% CIs.
bAll prevalence ratio (PRs) adjusted for site, sex, and symptom status unless otherwise specified.
cPRs for site adjusted for race-ethnicity, sex, and symptom status.
dSpecimens were identified for surveillance based on recorded sex and the anatomic site from which the specimen was collected; sex does not account for gender identity.
ePRs for race-ethnicity adjusted for sex and symptom status but not site due to collinearity.
fDue to concerns about potential deductive disclosure, transgender, gender-diverse, and gender nonconforming persons in Denver were not included. The category of “Another” gender identity included those who indicated gender-diverse (n = 12), transgender male (n = 2), transgender female (n = 4), another (n = 1), and unknown (n = 8).
gMSM include male sex (index) who report sex with any male sex/gender partner either alone or in combination with other gender partners (eg, cis-female, trans male/female, nonbinary, or other gender identity); n = 43 MSM who identified as men who have sex with women and men (MSWM). MSW include male sex (index) who only report sex with female partners. WSM include female sex (index) who only had sex with male partners. WSW include female sex (index) who report sex with any female sex/gender either alone or in combination with other gender partners (eg, cis-female, trans male/female, nonbinary, other gender identity); n = 69 identified as women who have sex with women and men (WSWM). The unknown/another category includes 62 persons with missing information on sex/gender of sex partner.
hPRs for symptom status by sex adjusted for site only.
iDiagnoses are not mutually exclusive. There were 127 males with diagnoses other than urethritis who were excluded from the no-other-diagnoses denominator. There were 43 females with diagnoses other than vaginitis, cervicitis, or PID who were excluded from the no-other-diagnoses denominator, as well as 7 females with vaginitis and cervicitis and 4 females with vaginitis and PID. Although clinic records indicated “other diagnosis,” the specific diagnoses were rarely recorded. In models for diagnosis, MG was modeled as the exposure and the diagnosis was modeled as the outcome. In all other models, MG was modeled as the outcome.
jGonorrhea and chlamydia status documented in only 4 sites (Denver, New York City, Seattle, St Louis).