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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Lancet Haematol. 2023 Jun 1;10(7):e530–e538. doi: 10.1016/S2352-3026(23)00094-7

Table 2:

Cox Proportional Regression Results of Factors Associated with 5-Year Overall Survival

Cox Proportional Hazard
HR (95% CI) p-value
Mental Health Disorder
 No mental health disorder Ref Ref
 Depression Only 1.37 (1.28 – 1.47) <0.0001
 Anxiety Only 1.17 (1.06–1.29) 0.003
 Depression and Anxiety 1.23 (1.08–1.41) 0.002
Age at Diagnosis, yr
 67–69 Ref Ref
 70–74 1.35 (1.22–1.49) <0.0001
 75–79 1.62 (1.48–1.79) <0.0001
 80+ 2.55 (2.33–2.79) <0.0001
Sex
 Male Ref Ref
 Female 0.81 (0.77–0.85) <0.0001
Race
 White Ref Ref
 Non-White 0.94 (0.85–1.04) 0.20
Ethnicity
 Non-Hispanic Ref Ref
 Hispanic 1.07 (0.95–1.21) 0.27
Income (census-level)
 <5% below FPL Ref Ref
 5% to <10% below FPL 1.07 (1.004–1.13) 0.03
 10% to <20% below FPL 1.09 (1.02–1.16) 0007
 20% to 100% below FPL 1.07 (0.98–1.17) 0.11
 Unknown 1.05 (0.95–1.17) 0.37
Education
 <25% with <12 years of education Ref Ref
 ≥25% with <12 years of education 1.14 (1.06–1.23) 0.0005
Marital Status
 Married Ref Ref
 Non-Married/Other 1.19 (1.14–1.25) <0.0001
 Unknown 0.88 (0.79–0.98) 0.02
SEER Registry Region
 Northeast Ref Ref
 Midwest 1.11 (1.03–1.19) 0.007
 South 1.10 (1.02–1.19) 0.02
 West 0.95 (0.90–1.01) 0.10
Urbanicity
 Metro Ref Ref
 Urban 1.07 (1.00–1.14) 0.0504
 Rural 0.90 (0.78–1.05) 0.18
Charlson Comorbidity Score
 0 Ref Ref
 1 1.25 (1.19–1.32) <0.0001
 2+ 1.80 (1.71–1.89) <0.0001
Stage
 I Ref Ref
 II 1.32 (1.23–1.41) <0.0001
 III 1.49 (1.38–1.61) <0.0001
 IV 1.66 (1.56–1.78) <0.0001
 Unstaged 1.27 (1.15–1.40) <0.0001
Extranodal Involvement
 No Ref Ref
 Yes 0.99 (0.94–1.04) 0.69
Year of Diagnosis
 2001–2003 Ref Ref
 2004–2007 0.78 (0.72–0.85) <0.0001
 2008–2011 0.65 (0.59–0.71) <0.0001
 2012–2013 0.61 (0.56–0.68) <0.0001
B Symptoms
 Absent Ref Ref
 Present 1.33 (1.24–1.43) <0.0001
 Unknown 0.94 (0.87–1.02) 0.12
 NA 1.03 (0.95–1.11) 0.48

HR: Hazard Ratio (values higher than 1 indicate greater mortality)

FPL: Federal Poverty Level