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. 2023 Nov 3;14:1284070. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1284070

Table 3.

Characteristics of wild Abelmoschus species used in wide hybridization program.

Species Growth habit FL (cm) FW (cm) NEpS NR FPL (cm) FS EpCL (cm) EpCW (cm) SEpCS FwD (cm) Hairiness on fruit
Abelmoschus esculentus Annual herb 7.0–30.0 2.0–3.0 6.0–10.0 5 2.5–3.5 Long fusiform 2.1–2.4 0.5–0.6 Linear 6.0–7.0 Tomentulose
Abelmoschus caillei Annual or biannual herb 6.0–18.0 2.0–4.0 7.0–9.0 5 2.3–2.6 Lanceolate to lance-ovate 1.0–3.5 0.4–1.5 Ovate-deltoid 6.0–10.0 Tomentulose
A. pungens var. mizoramensis Perennial shrub 3.5–5.0 2.5–3.0 4.0–5.0 5 2.4–2.6 Ovoid 2.3–2.5 1.0–1.3 Lanceolate 7.0–8.0 Densely hirsute
Abelmoschus tetraphyllus Annual subshrub 3.5–4.5 1.4–1.5 4.0–5.0 5 2.0–2.9 Oblong to ovoid 2.3–2.2.7 0.9–1.3 Ovate-cordate 5.0–7.0 Pubescent
Abelmoschus angulosus var. grandiflorus Annual subshrub 3.0–4.0 1.3–1.5 4.0 5 2.3–2.5 Ovoid to oblong 2.0–2.5 1.3–1.5 Deltoid 5.0–7.0 Densely hispid
Abelmoschus enbeepeegearensis Perennial herb 3.5–4.1 2.5–3.0 10.0–11.0 5 4.3–4.5 Ovate 2.0–3.5 0.1–0.2 Linear 6.0–9.0 Soft strigulose
Abelmoschus palianus Annual herb 3.5–4.0 2.5–2.7 5.0–7.0 5 2.0–4.0 Broadly ovate 1.8–2.0 0.3–0.5 Ovate to narrowly ovate 7.0–8.0 Densely hirsute
Abelmoschus moschatus subsp. moschatus Annual undershrub 5.0–6.0 2.0–2.5 7.0–8.0 5 6.0–15.3 Ovoid or globose 0.8–0.9 0.1 Linear 7.0–9.0 Soft strigulose
Abelmoschus sagittifolius Perennial herb 4.5–5.0 2.5–3.2 10.0–11.0 5 6.5–13.3 Ovoid or globose 2.0–2.6 0.1–0.2 Linear 8.0–10.0 Soft strigulose

FL, fruit length; FW, fruit width; NEpS, no. of epicalyx segments; NR, no. of ridges; FPL, fruit peduncle length; FS, fruit shape; EpCL, epicalyx length; EpCW, epicalyx width; SEpCS, shape of epicalyx segment; FwD, flower diameter.