Figure 2. Interaction of Senolytic and Immunosuppressive drugs.

Members of the Src family including Lck and Fyn are involved in early TCR signal transduction. Both, Dasatinib and Glucocorticoids target Src family proteins.

IP3 is the trigger for Ca²⁺ release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) promoting the entry of extracellular Ca²⁺ into the cell via calcium release-activated Ca²⁺ channels. Calmodulin bound to calcium activates calcineurin while promoting the transcription of IL-2 through the NFAT transcription factor. CNI inhibits calcineurin, thus suppressing dephosphorylations of NFAT. Panobinostat induces calcineurin degradation through inhibiting the chaperone function of heat shock protein 90.

CD28 co-stimulation of the TCR phosphorylates and activates PI3K, thereby activating the PI3K/mTOR pathway. Rapamycin inhibits T cell proliferation by inhibiting the formation of mTORC1.