Table 2.

Association between living-alone and depressive symptoms (n₁ = 5 311 for the cross-sectional analysis, and n₂ = 2 696 for the cohort analysis)

	Cross-sectional analysis		Cohort analysis
	OR (95% CI)	P value	OR (95% CI)	P value
Model 1	1.51 (1.31,1.40)	< 0.001**	1.53 (1.22,1.91)	< 0.001**
Model 2	1.43 (1.23,1.65)	< 0.001**	1.36 (1.08,1.71)	0.009*
Model 3	1.33 (1.14,1.54)	< 0.001**	1.23 (0.97,1.55)	0.084
Model 4	1.30 (1.12,1.52)	0.001*	1.24 (0.98,1.57)	0.069

Model 1: Unadjusted

Model 2: Adjusted for Model 1 + age + sex

Model 3: Adjusted for Model 2 + education levels, smoking, drinking, body mass index, residential areas, social activities and financial support

Model 4: Adjusted for Model 3 + marital status

OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval

^*P < 0.05; ^**P < 0.001