Table 2.
Biochemical data at baseline and 2-year follow-up examinations among children in the 2-year combined physical activity and dietary intervention group and among children in the control group
| All children | Girls | Boys | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention (n = 250) |
Control (n = 170) |
P | Intervention (n = 119) |
Control (n = 84) |
P | Intervention (n = 131) |
Control (n = 86) |
P | |
| At baseline examination (6-9 y) | |||||||||
| DHEA, nmol/L | 1.70 (0.86-2.91) | 1.33 (0.81-2.57) | .313 | 1.92 (1.02-3.34) | 1.52 (0.84-2.72) | .382 | 1.40 (0.73-2.49) | 1.24 (0.67-2.07) | .443 |
| DHEAS, µmol/L | 0.59 (0.33-0.84) | 0.56 (0.31-0.86) | .505 | 0.57 (0.35-0.84) | 0.49 (0.31-0.85) | .457 | 0.60 (0.32-0.84) | 0.58 (0.32-0.88) | .844 |
| A4, nmol/L | 0.74 (0.47-1.07) | 0.67 (0.40-0.99) | .062 | 0.82 (0.47-1.21) | 0.74 (0.44-1.10) | .306 | 0.63 (0.46-0.98) | 0.62 (0.35-0.87) | .083 |
| Testosterone, pmol/L | 122 (83-168) | 117 (76-178) | .689 | 133 (92-194) | 124 (92-190) | .712 | 115 (79-154) | 107 (71-174) | .789 |
| Insulin, U/L | 4.2 (2.7-5.7) | 4.2 (2.9-6.0) | .466 | 4.7 (3.4-6.0) | 4.3 (3.3-6.1) | .736 | 3.9 (2.5-5.5) | 4.0 (2.6-6.0) | .234 |
| HOMA-IR | 0.91 (0.55-1.27) | 0.91 (0.64-1.34) | .525 | 1.00 (0.68-1.32) | 0.92 (0.70-1.29) | .630 | 0.85 (0.53-1.19) | 0.89 (0.55-1.36) | .233 |
| IGF-1, nmol/L | 21.7 (17.5-25.9) | 22.9 (18.8-28.3) | .013 | 22.5 (18.5-28.1) | 24.1 (19.4-30.1) | .264 | 20.2 (16.2-24.5) | 22.1 (18.4-27.4) | .017 |
| At 2-year follow-up examination (9-11 y) | |||||||||
| DHEA, nmol/L | 3.06 (1.71-4.75) | 3.99 (2.13-6.49) | .003 | 3.47 (1.93-5.23) | 4.22 (2.70-6.76) | .033 | 2.78 (1.57-4.42) | 3.27 (2.00-6.38) | .046 |
| DHEAS, µmol/L | 0.69 (0.38-1.05) | 0.67 (0.42-1.19) | .449 | 0.67 (0.36-1.02) | 0.63 (0.36-1.02) | .819 | 0.74 (0.40-1.10) | 0.74 (0.42-1.22) | .378 |
| A4, nmol/L | 1.20 (0.79-1.70) | 1.20 (0.80-1.84) | .613 | 1.36 (0.92-1.98) | 1.33 (0.92-2.06) | .991 | 1.07 (0.73-1.52) | 1.07 (0.70-1.70) | .633 |
| Testosterone, pmol/L | 202 (135-291) | 206 (148-313) | .383 | 250 (156-347) | 215 (154-328) | .540 | 185 (123-241) | 197 (127-277) | .128 |
| Insulin, U/L | 4.9 (3.5-7.2) | 5.9 (3.9-7.9) | .028 | 5.4 (4.0-8.2) | 6.3 (4.1-8.2) | .167 | 4.6 (3.1-6.6) | 5.1 (3.5-7.4) | .120 |
| HOMA-IR | 1.10 (0.77-1.61) | 1.27 (0.84-1.76) | .034 | 1.13 (0.88-1.81) | 1.38 (0.87-1.84) | .208 | 1.03 (0.68-1.50) | 1.16 (0.76-1.71) | .114 |
| IGF-1, nmol/L | 29.8 (24.1-35.8) | 29.7 (24.3-35.6) | .942 | 33.2 (26.8-40.3) | 32.1 (26.8-40.3) | .586 | 26.2 (22.9-33.5) | 28.2 (22.9-32.1) | .821 |
The values are medians (25th-75th percentile range). HOMA-IR was calculated using the following formula: [(insulin (mU/L)×glucose (mmol/L))/22.5]. Differences between the intervention and control groups were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test, and P values < .05 indicating statistically significant differences between the groups are bolded. To have values in conventional units, multiply DHEA by 0.2884 (ng/mL), DHEAS by 36.85 (µg/dL), A4 by 0.2864 (ng/mL), testosterone by 0.2885 (pg/mL), and IGF-1 by 7.65 (ng/mL).
Abbreviations: A4, androstenedione; DHEA, dehydroepiandrosterone; DHEAS, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance; IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor 1.