Table 1:
Patient baseline characteristics (categorical variables are expressed in N (%) and numerical variables in median (interquartile range)). Standardized mean differences (SMD) assess group balance and effectiveness of randomization (SMD<=|0.20| indicates acceptable balance). AIS: Abbreviated Injury Scale
| Variables | Total | Control | Experimental | SMD |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (N=37) | (N=18) | (N=19) | ||
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 9 (24.3) | 5 (27.8) | 4 (21.1) | 0.16 |
| Male | 28 (75.7) | 13 (72.2) | 15 (78.9) | |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Hispanic | 15 (40.5) | 7 (38.9) | 8 (42.1) | 0.07 |
| Not Hispanic | 21 (56.8) | 11 (61.1) | 10 (52.6) | |
| Race | ||||
| Asian | 1 (2.7) | 1 (5.6) | 0.02 | |
| Black | 2 (5.4) | 1 (5.6) | 1 (5.3) | |
| Other | 2 (5.4) | 1 (5.6) | 1 (5.3) | |
| White | 31 (83.8) | 15 (83.3) | 16 (84.2) | |
| Age (years) | 34.9 (26.0–45.8) | 39.8 (27.4–55.0) | 31.8 (23.8–40.6) | 0.07 |
| BMI (kg/m 2 ) | 28.1 (24.8–33.4) | 26.4 (23.6–31.6) | 29.0 (25.0–35.1) | −0.02 |
| INJURY SEVERITY | ||||
| Blunt vs Penetrating | ||||
| Blunt | 29 (78.4) | 15 (83.3) | 14 (73.7) | 0.24 |
| Penetrating | 8 (21.6) | 3 (16.7) | 5 (26.3) | |
| New Injury Severity Score | 27.0 (17.0–34.0) | 26.5 (22.0–34.0) | 27.0 (17.0–34.0) | 0 |
| Max AIS head/neck | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 0.0 (0.0–2.0) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 0 |
| Max AIS chest | 3.0 (0.0–3.0) | 3.0 (0.0–3.0) | 3.0 (0.0–3.0) | 0 |
| Max AIS abdomen/pelvis | 2.0 (0.0–3.0) | 2.0 (0.0–3.0) | 2.0 (2.0–4.0) | 0 |
| Max AIS extremities | 2.0 (0.0–3.0) | 2.0 (0.0–3.0) | 2.0 (0.0–3.0) | 0 |
| PHYSIOLOGY | ||||
| Field systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 99.0 (82.0–122.0) | 90.0 (80.0–122.0) | 101.0 (96.0–118.0) | 0 |
| Field heart rate (bpm) | 100.0 (78.0–114.0) | 98.0 (77.0–109.0) | 100.0 (87.0–116.0) | −0.04 |
| Field shock index | 1.0 (0.7–1.1) | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 0 |
| Field Glasgow coma scale | 14.0 (8.0–15.0) | 14.5 (9.0–15.0) | 14.0 (8.0–15.0) | 0 |
| Admission systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 98.0 (80.0–113.0) | 96.0 (76.0–108.0) | 98.0 (82.0–118.0) | −0.04 |
| Admission heart rate (bpm) | 95.0 (73.0–112.0) | 96.0 (75.0–110.0) | 90.0 (71.0–117.0) | 0.02 |
| Admission shock index | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | 1.0 (0.8–1.1) | 0 |
| Admission Glasgow coma scale | 15.0 (9.0–15.0) | 15.0 (11.0–15.0) | 15.0 (8.0–15.0) | 0 |
| TRANSFUSIONS | ||||
| Red blood cells (RBC) units/6 hours | 1.0 (0.0–4.0) | 0.0 (0.0–6.0) | 1.0 (0.0–4.0) | 0 |
| Massive transfusion (>10 RBC units/6hrs or death<6 hours after >=1 RBC unit) | 8 (21.6) | 4 (22.2) | 4 (51.4) | 0.03 |
| Plasma units/ 6 hours | 0.0 (0.0–2.0) | 0.0 (0.0–5.0) | 0.0 (0.0–2.0) | 0 |
| Platelet units/ 6 hours | 0.0 (0.0–1.0) | 0.0 (0.0–1.0) | 0.0 (0.0–1.0) | 0 |
| Cryoprecipitate units/6 hours | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 0 |
| Tranexamic acid /3 hours | 2 (5.4) | 1 (5.6) | 1 (5.3) | 0.01 |