Table 1.
Demographic, clinical and outcome parameters in the APAP-ALF patient cohort.
| Parameter | Overall (N = 1190) | |
|---|---|---|
| N | ||
| Age (years) | 1190 | 37 (28–47) |
| Sex (male) | 1190 | 295 (24.8%) |
| King’s College Criteria met (days 1–7) | 1190 | 216 (18.2%) |
| ALFSG Prognostic Index (admission)* | ||
| Predicted Probability (%) | 1104 | 74.1 (49.5-86.8) |
| Predicted Probability ≥ 80% | 1104 | 430 (38.9%) |
| Highest MELD (median; days 1–7) | 1176 | 27.5 (17.9-34.0) |
| Coma Grade 3/4 (days 1–7) | 1158 | 733 (63.3%) |
| Organ Support (days 1–7) | ||
| Mechanical Ventilation | 1190 | 735 (61.8%) |
| Vasopressors | 1190 | 394 (33.1%) |
| Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy | 1190 | 179 (15.0%) |
| ICP Directed Therapies (days 1–7) | ||
| ICP monitor | 1190 | 144 (12.1%) |
| Mannitol | 1190 | 230 (19.3%) |
| Barbiturate | 1190 | 81 (6.8%) |
| Hypothermia | 1190 | 73 (6.1%) |
| Sedatives | 1190 | 740 (62.2%) |
| Blood Products (days 1–7) | ||
| Red Blood Cells | 1190 | 354 (29.7%) |
| Fresh Frozen Plasma | 1190 | 539 (45.3%) |
| Recombinant Factor VIIA | 1190 | 21 (1.8%) |
| Platelets | 1190 | 224 (18.8%) |
| ICU Complications (days 1–7) | ||
| Seizures | 1190 | 73 (6.1%) |
| Arrhythmia | 1190 | 247 (20.8%) |
| Gastrointestinal Bleeding | 1190 | 101 (8.5%) |
| N-acetylcysteine a | ||
| Intravenous | 1190 | 984 (82.7%) |
| Oral | 1190 | 754 (63.4%) |
| Psychological Comorbidities | 1190 | 641 (53.9%) |
| Depression | 983 | 434 (44.2%) |
| Schizophrenia | 565 | 16 (2.8%) |
| Chronic Pain | 553 | 4 (0.7%) |
| Bipolar Disorder | 664 | 115 (17.3%) |
| Anxiety | 679 | 130 (19.1%) |
| Overdose Intent b | ||
| Intentional | 1062 | 445 (41.9%) |
| Unintentional | 1062 | 617 (58.1%) |
| Intravenous Drug Use | 1178 | 95 (8.1%) |
| Intracranial Hypertension (days 1–21) | 577 | 208 (36.0%) |
| Death (days 1–21) | 1048 | 273 (26.0%) |
| Cerebral Edema Death | 1046 | 83 (7.9%) |
| Listed for Liver Transplantation | 1189 | 273 (23.0%) |
| Received Liver Transplant (days 1–21) | 1186 | 100 (8.4%) |
| Transplant-free Survival (day 21) | 1069 | 704 (65.9%) |
a
Some subjects received both intravenous and oral N-acetylcysteine
b
Overdose intent could not be determined (i.e., unknown) in 128 subjects Abbreviations: ALFSG, Acute Liver Failure Study Group; ICP, intracranial pressure;
ICU, intensive care unit; MELD, model for end stage liver disease.