Table 3.
Biochemical and organ support parameters at admission, stratified by time cohort (1998–2007 vs. 2008–2018).
| “Early” (1998–2007) (N = 582) | “Recent” (2008–2018) (N = 608) | P-value | ||||
| Biochemistry | ||||||
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | 578 | 111 (96–128) | 579 | 106 (93–121) | <0.001 | |
| White Blood Cells (109/L) | 579 | 9.4 (6.3–14.1) | 599 | 9.3 (6.3–13.5) | 0.41 | |
| Platelets (109/L) | 579 | 126 (84–179) | 592 | 125.5 (81.5–181) | 0.71 | |
| INR | 570 | 2.8 (2.0–4.6) | 590 | 3.05 (2.1–4.4) | 0.37 | |
| AST (IU/L) | 579 | 4110 (1543–8160) | 594 | 3093 (1374–6981) | 0.004 | |
| ALT (IU/L) | 578 | 4024 (2121–6702) | 595 | 3543 (1916–5733) | 0.005 | |
| Bilirubin | (μmol/L) | 579 | 78.7 (49.6–112.9) | 589 | 71.8 (42.8–107.7) | 0.037 |
| (mg/dL) | 4.6 (2.9–6.6) | 4.2 (2.5–6.3) | ||||
| pH | 527 | 7.42 (7.36–7.48) | 468 | 7.41 (7.34–7.46) | 0.002 | |
| Ammonia (venous) (μmol/L) | 170 | 110.5 (70–159) | 288 | 97 (68–168) | 0.94 | |
| Creatinine | (μmol/L) | 581 | 168.0 (88.4–309.4) | 602 | 141.4 (76.0–260.8) | <0.001 |
| (mg/dL) | 1.9 (1.0–3.5) | 1.6 (0.86–2.95) | ||||
| Lactate (mmol/L) | 345 | 4.9 (2.7–9.3) | 410 | 3.3 (2.1–6.78) | <0.001 | |
| Phosphate (mmol/L) | 513 | 0.81 (0.52–1.26) | 520 | 0.81 (0.58–1.15) | 0.47 | |
| King’s College Criteria met | 582 | 77 (13.2%) | 608 | 71 (11.7%) | 0.42 | |
| ALFSG Prognostic Index | ||||||
| Survival Predicted Probability ≥ 80% | 566 | 214 (37.8%) | 538 | 216 (40.1%) | 0.43 | |
| MELD | 566 | 31.4 (22.8–38.7) | 574 | 29.6 (21.0–36.7) | 0.005 | |
| Coma Grade 3/4 | 581 | 299 (51.5%) | 569 | 299 (52.5%) | 0.71 | |
| Organ support | ||||||
| Mechanical Ventilation | 582 | 310 (53.3%) | 608 | 321 (52.8%) | 0.87 | |
| Vasopressors | 582 | 130 (22.3%) | 608 | 144 (23.7%) | 0.58 | |
| Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy | 581 | 24 (4.1%) | 608 | 96 (15.8%) | <0.001 | |
Abbreviations: ALFSG, Acute Liver Failure Study Group; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; INR, international normalized ratio, MELD, model for end stage liver disease.