Table 5.
Binary Logistic Regressions Examining Odds of Mental Health Problems, Sexual Risk Taking, and Experiences of Violence Multivariate Analyses (OR [95% CI])
| Mental distress | Suicidality | Self-harm | Sexual risk-taking | Sexual assault | Caregiver physical abuse | Caregiver emotional abuse | Peer violence | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alternative care experienced | 0.25 [0.10, 0.61]∗∗ | 1.29 [0.70, 2.37] | 1.64 [0.92, 2.92] | 1.70 [1.11, 2.59]∗ | 1.58 [0.91, 2.74] | 1.81 [1.30, 2.50]∗∗∗ | 1.75 [1.20, 2.54]∗∗ | 1.57 [1.09, 2.26]∗ |
| Country (ref = Nigeria) | ||||||||
| Zambia | 1.96 [1.16, 3.31]∗ | 1.74 [1.01, 3.00]∗ | 1.63 [1.09, 2.46]∗ | 1.11 [0.81, 1.54] | 0.82 [0.57, 1.20] | 0.79 [0.61, 1.00] | 1.22 [0.91, 1.64] | 0.58 [0.44, 0.75]∗∗∗ |
| Zimbabwe | 0.39 [0.23, 0.67]∗∗ | 0.98 [0.57, 1.69] | 0.27 [0.16, 0.45]∗∗∗ | 0.18 [0.13, 0.26]∗∗∗ | 0.12 [0.08, 0.17]∗∗∗ | 0.25 [0.20, 0.33]∗∗∗ | 0.41 [0.31, 0.55]∗∗∗ | 0.37 [0.27, 0.49]∗∗∗ |
| Parental care status (ref = both parents) | ||||||||
| Non-parental care | 1.45 [0.66, 3.17] | 0.94 [0.54, 1.66] | 0.96 [0.49, 1.91] | 2.60 [1.86, 3.64]∗∗∗ | 1.39 [0.87, 2.23] | 0.95 [0.72, 1.25] | 1.37 [0.98, 1.90] | 1.36 [0.99, 1.87] |
| Maternal care | 1.40 [0.76, 2.59] | 1.09 [0.60, 1.98] | 1.28 [0.69, 2.37] | 1.23 [0.77, 1.98] | 1.53 [0.82, 2.86] | 1.43 [1.00, 2.03]∗ | 1.54 [1.03, 2.30]∗ | 1.24 [0.81, 1.89] |
| Paternal care | 1.07 [0.27, 4.19] | 2.26 [0.86, 5.91] | 0.84 [0.37, 1.88] | 0.96 [0.55, 1.70] | 0.95 [0.46, 1.97] | 0.76 [0.46, 1.26] | 1.01 [0.57, 1.79] | 0.72 [0.37, 1.41] |
| Orphanhood status (ref = non-orphan) | ||||||||
| Paternal orphan | 0.78 [0.39, 1.55] | 1.50 [0.86, 2.61] | 1.03 [0.52, 2.05] | 1.14 [0.72, 1.79] | 1.34 [0.73, 2.45] | 1.00 [0.70, 1.41] | 1.04 [0.70, 1.55] | 0.79 [0.52, 1.19] |
| Maternal orphan | 0.81 [0.27, 2.46] | 1.12 [0.47, 2.68] | 1.91 [0.84, 4.35] | 0.89 [0.48, 1.66] | 1.85 [0.88, 3.88] | 1.29 [0.79, 2.10] | 1.76 [1.04, 2.99]∗ | 1.71 [0.94, 3.11] |
| Double orphan | 1.54 [0.58, 4.08] | 2.64 [1.40, 4.98]∗∗ | 1.48 [0.57, 3.81] | 1.17 [0.58, 2.33] | 2.26 [1.14, 4.46]∗ | 0.94 [0.57, 1.56] | 1.04 [0.61, 1.79] | 0.68 [0.40, 1.14] |
| Female | 1.45 [0.87, 2.42] | 2.84 [1.85, 4.38]∗∗∗ | 0.79 [0.55, 1.14] | 1.39 [1.04, 1.87]∗ | 4.58 [3.20, 6.55]∗∗∗ | 1.01 [0.82, 1.24] | 0.86 [0.68, 1.10] | 0.49 [0.40, 0.60]∗∗∗ |
| Assets | 1.00 [0.90, 1.12] | 1.07 [0.95, 1.20] | 1.07 [0.97, 1.19] | 0.89 [0.82, 0.95]∗∗ | 0.97 [0.89, 1.06] | 1.08 [1.03, 1.13]∗∗ | 1.12 [1.05, 1.19]∗∗ | 1.06 [1.01, 1.12]∗ |
| Age | 1.12 [0.98, 1.29] | 1.24 [1.08, 1.43]∗∗ | 1.14 [0.99, 1.32] | 1.97 [1.76, 2.22]∗∗∗ | 1.33 [1.20, 1.48]∗∗∗ | 0.92 [0.85, 0.98]∗ | 1.11 [1.03, 1.20]∗∗ | 0.92 [0.85, 0.99]∗ |
| Education level | 0.96 [0.71, 1.29] | 1.09 [0.71, 1.67] | 1.05 [0.78, 1.41] | 0.61 [0.49, 0.75]∗∗∗ | 1.33 [1.03, 1.73]∗ | 1.09 [0.93, 1.27] | 1.07 [0.88, 1.29] | 1.15 [0.97, 1.36] |
| Constant | 0.01 [0.00, 0.06]∗∗∗ | 0.00 [0.00, 0.00]∗∗∗ | 0.01 [0.00, 0.05]∗∗∗ | 0.00 [0.00, 0.00]∗∗∗ | 0.00 [0.00, 0.00]∗∗∗ | 1.54 [0.56, 4.21] | 0.03 [0.01, 0.11]∗∗∗ | 1.16 [0.40, 3.35] |
| No. of observations | 5,950 | 6,156 | 6,150 | 6,071 | 6,117 | 6,132 | 6,140 | 6,143 |
| F13,1587 | 5.14∗∗∗ | 4.35∗∗∗ | 7.50∗∗∗ | 26.17∗∗∗ | 18.06∗∗∗ | 15.34∗∗∗ | 9.50∗∗∗ | 15.09∗∗∗ |
Note: Data are odds ratios [95% CIs]. ref = reference.
∗p < .05; ∗∗p < .01; ∗∗∗p < .001.