Table 2.
Risks for cataract in radiation-exposed cohorts
| Cohort | Dose (Gy), mean (range) |
Ascertainment | Endpoint | Cases | Excess hazard ratio Gy−1 or excess odds ratio Gy−1 (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Swedish skin hemangioma(Hall et al. 1999) | 0.400 (0 - 8.4) | LOCS I | Cortical | 111a | 0.50 (0.15, 0.95) |
| Posterior subcapsular | 17a | 0.49 (0.07, 1.08) | |||
| Icelandic airline pilots (Rafnsson et al. 2005) | NA (0 - 0.048) | WHO | Nuclear | 71 | 20 (0, 30) |
| Cortical | 102 | <0 (<0, >0) | |||
| Posterior subcapsular | 32 | <0 (<0, >0) | |||
| Japanese atomic bomb survivor AHS (Nakashima et al. 2006) | 0.522 (0 - 4.94) | LOCS II | Cortical | 618b | 0.30 (0.10, 0.53) |
| Posterior subcapsular | 214b | 0.44 (0.19, 0.73) | |||
| Nuclear opacity | 415b | 0.07 (−0.11, 0.30) | |||
| Nuclear colour | 358b | 0.01 (−0.17, 0.24) | |||
| Chernobyl recovery worker (Worgul et al. 2007) | NA (0 - >1.095) | Merriam-Focht | Non-nuclear stage 1-5 | 3369a,c / 274d | 0.65 (0.18, 1.30) |
| Posterior subcapsular stage 1 | 2781a,c / 252d | 0.42 (0.01, 1.00) | |||
| Nuclear | 382a,c / 113d | 0.07 (−0.44, 1.04) | |||
| All cataract stage 1-5 | 3751a,c / 384d | 0.70 (0.22, 1.38) | |||
| Finnish interventional radiologists (Mrena et al. 2011) | 0.060 (0.010 - 0.304) | LOCS II | Cortical or posterior excluding nuclear | 7b | 4 (−20, 28) |
| All opacity (excluding nuclear color) | 15b | 13 (−2, 28) | |||
| Japanese atomic bomb survivor AHS cataract surgery (Neriishi et al. 2012) | 0.500 (0 - 5.14) | Surgical removal | All cataract removal | 1028 | 0.32 (0.17, 0.52)d, e |
| Chinese industrial radiographers (Lian et al. 2015) | 0.07002 (>0 - 0.23611) | LOCS III | Posterior subcapsular | 42 | 0.14 (−0.90, 0.76) |
| Cortical | 54 | 0.16 (−0.04, 0.36) | |||
| Childhood cancer survivors (Chodick et al. 2016) | 2.8 (0 - 66) | Questionnaire | Cataract history | 483 | 0.92 (0.65, 1.20) |
| US Radiologic Technologists (Little Mark P. et al. 2018) | 0.056 (0 - 1.514) | Questionnaire | Cataract history | 12,366 | 0.69 (0.27, 1.16) |
| Cataract surgery | 5509 | 0.34 (−0.19, 0.97) | |||
| Mayak nuclear workers (Azizova, Hamada, et al. 2018) | 0.526 (0 - >2.0) | Slit lamp exam | Cortical | 3132 | 0.62 (0.50, 0.75)f |
| Posterior subcapsular | 1239 | 0.90 (0.67, 1.19)f | |||
| Nuclear | 2033 | 0.47 (0.35, 0.60)f | |||
| Mayak nuclear workers (Azizova TV et al. 2019) | 0.515 (0 - >2.0) | Slit lamp exam | Cataract surgery | 701 | 0.09 (−0.02, 0.22)f |
| Chinese high natural background area (Su et al. 2021) | NA (0.0221 - 0.3104) | LOCS III | Cortical | 101 | 2.6 (0.0, 6.0) |
| Posterior subcapsular | 23 | 7.3 (0.5, 18.5) | |||
| Nuclear | 245 | −1.9 (−3.6, 0.1) |
Acronyms: AHS = Adult Health Study; LOCS = Lens Opacities Classification System; WHO=World Health Organization
a
summed over cataracts in left and right eyes.
b
all cases with LOCS II grade I and above.
c
prevalent cataract.
d
incident cataract.
e
adjusted to persons in Hiroshima, aged 70, exposed at age 20 years.
f
lag period of 5 years.