Table 3.
Risks for glaucoma and macular degeneration in various radiation-exposed cohorts. IOP = intraocular pressure.
| Model | Dose (Gy), mean (range) |
Cases | Excess relative risk (hazard ratio) /Gy |
95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glaucoma | ||||
| US radiologic technologists (unadjusted for covariates)(Little M. P. et al. 2018) | 0.058 (0 – 1.51) | 1631 | −1.39 | (−1.94, −0.69) |
| US radiologic technologists (adjusted for covariatesa)(Little M. P. et al. 2018) | −0.57 | (−1.46, 0.60) | ||
| Japanese atomic-bomb survivors (Yamada et al. 2004) | 0.57 (0 – >4.14) | 211 | −0.18 | (−0.20, −0.03) |
| Japanese atomic-bomb survivors (Kiuchi et al. 2013) – primary open-angle normal tension glaucoma (IOP ≤21 mmHg) | 0.47 (0 – >3.01) | 226 | 0.31 | (0.11, 0.53) |
| Japanese atomic-bomb survivors (Kiuchi et al. 2013) – primary open-angle hypertensive glaucoma (IOP > 21 mmHg) | 36 | −0.21 | (−0.48, 0.21) | |
| Japanese atomic-bomb survivors (Kiuchi et al. 2013) – primary angle-closure glaucoma | 25 | −0.46 | (−0.71, 0.02) | |
| Mayak nuclear workers primary all primary glaucoma (Bragin et al. 2019) | 0.44 (0 - >2.0)b | 476 | 0.01b | (−0.12, 0.19) |
| Mayak nuclear workers primary open-angle glaucoma (Bragin et al. 2019) | 461 | −0.01b | (−0.14, 0.17) | |
| Macular degeneration | ||||
| US radiologic technologists (unadjusted for covariates)(Little M. P. et al. 2018) | 0.058 (0 – 1.51) | 1331 | 0.73 | (−0.01, 1.74) |
| US radiologic technologists (adjusted for covariatesa)(Little M. P. et al. 2018) | 0.32 | (−0.32, 1.27) | ||
| Japanese atomic-bomb survivors: retinal degeneration (Minamoto et al. 2004) | NA (0 – >3.0) | 55 | 0.42 | (0.07, 0.88) |
| Japanese atomic-bomb survivors early age-related macular degeneration (Itakura et al. 2015) | 0.45 (0 – > 2.0) | 191 | −0.07 | (−0.25, 0.15) |
| Japanese atomic-bomb survivors late age-related macular degeneration (Itakura et al. 2015) | 6 | −0.21 | (−0.79, 1.94) | |
a
adjusted by stratification for sex, race and birth year (by decade <1900, 1900-1909, …, 1950-1959, ≥1960), and with adjustment to the baseline hazard for diabetes, body mass index (BMI), smoking status (current smoker/ex-smoker/never smoker, numbers of cigarettes/day, age stopped smoking), each ascertained at the baseline survey
b
using brain dose, including unweighted neutron dose