Table 3.

Summary of gTME applied in tolerance engineering.

Regulators	Microbes	Stressors	Refs
CRP	E. coli	Isobutanol	[50]
CRP	E. coli	Acetate	[48]
CRP	E. coli	Low pH	[113]
CRP	E. coli	1-butanol	[47]
CRP	E. coli	Oxidative stress	[46]
CRP	E. coli	Toluene	[45]
CRP	E. coli	Osmotic pressure	[44]
σ70 encoded byrpoD	E. coli	Ethanol	[52]
σ70 encoded byrpoD	E. coli	Cyclohexane	[53]
σ70 encoded byrpoD	Zymomonas mobilis	Ethanol	[54]
IrrE	E. coli	Inhibitors from pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass	[62]
H-NS	E. coli	Acid	[51]
SPT8	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	Ethanol	[59]
SPT15	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	Ethanol	[59]
SPT15	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	Ethanol	[60]
SPT15	Kluyveromyces marxianus	Ethanol	[61]
IrrE	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	Urfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, formic and acetic acid),	[69]
IrrE	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	Furfural, acetic acid and phenol tolerance; thermal stress	[70]
IrrE	E. coli	Salt	[63]
IrrE	E. coli	Salt	[64]
IrrE	E. coli	Inhibitors of lignocellulosic hydrolysates	[62]
IrrE	E. coli	Osmotic stress	[67]
IrrE	Lactococcus lactis	Oxidative stress and high osmotic pressure	[66]
IrrE	Zymomonas mobilis	Ethanol, acid, osmotic, and thermal shocks	[68]
IrrE	E. coli	Salt stress	[65]