Table 1.

Population, Intervention (exposure), Comparison and Outcomes (PI(E)CO) framework.

PICO	Eligibility criteria
Population	Adults, aged 18–65 years
Intervention/Exposure	Stair climbing, stair, stair use, stair climbing intervention
Comparison	Any physical intervention other than stair climbing or no intervention
Outcome	Cardiovascular diseases (ischemic heart disease, artery disease), cardiometabolic risk, BMI, blood biomarkers (glucose, lipid, lipoprotein, fasting glucose, insulin, cholesterol, triglyceride, nitric oxide), inflammation, ventilation (maximum oxygen uptake, aerobic capacity and metabolism), functional status, diseases (diabetes and cancer).
	Exclusion criteria
Population	Children
Interventions	Lifestyle interventions other than stair climbing, studies administer interventions to promote stair climbing alone
Outcome	Outcomes other than cardiometabolic risk
Language	Other than English
Publication	Abstracts and conference proceedings without full text