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. 2023 Oct 19;26(11):108279. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108279

Figure 1.

Figure 1

CS increases susceptibility to DSS-induced colitis and alters the gut microbiome

(A) Schematic representation of CS animal model and study design, created with BioRender.

(B–G) 3% DSS was administered to mice and disease assessments were carried out on day 8 by body weight loss (B), DAI scores (C), colon shortening (D and E), H&E staining with histopathological scores of the distal colon (F and G), scale bars, 100 μm (n = 5 per group).

(H) Boxplots of Chao1 and Shannon Diversity index calculated on fecal samples at week 1, week 3 and week 6 by unpaired t-test, compared between VD and CS groups (n = 5 per group).

(I) PCoA analysis of fecal microbiota structure in VD and CS mice at week 1 (ANOSIM; R = 0.328, p = 0.027), week 3 (ANOSIM; R = 0.532, p = 0.008), and week 6 (ANOSIM; R = 0.576, p = 0.004) based on Bray-Curtis distance, with ellipses indicating 95% confidence interval (CI) of datapoints (n = 5 per group).

(J) Changes in the mean relative abundances of bacterial genera in feces, sampled at week 1, week 3, and week 6 in both VD and CS groups. Only those genera with mean relative abundances of >2% across all samples are represented, while the remaining sequences are grouped as others (n = 5 per group).

(K) Several significantly changed microbes, including Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, Escherichia-Shigella and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group are presented with their group means and standard errors (n = 5 per group).

(L) Cladogram based on LEfSe analysis from phylum to genus level with the value of the Kruskal–Wallis rank-sum test set to 0.05 on week 6 (n = 5 per group).

Each identified sequence was taxonomically categorized using the SILVA database (Release138 http://www.arb-silva.de) (J–L). Data shown as the mean ± SEM. One dot represents one mouse. ns, not significant, ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, and ∗∗∗p < 0.001. VD(CON): Mice born vaginally exposed to normal water; CS(CON): Mice born by CS exposed to normal water; VD(DSS): Mice born vaginally exposed to 3% DSS; CS(DSS): Mice born by CS exposed to 3% DSS.