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. 2023 Oct 16;42(47):3514–3528. doi: 10.1038/s41388-023-02858-5

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — A, B Exogenous KLHL29 interacts with exogenous CUL3. HEK293T cells were transfected with plasmids encoding Flag-KLHL29 and Myc-CUL3, followed by co-IP and western blotting assays. C CUL3 interacts with the BTB domain of KLHL29 in HEK293T cells. D–F Ectopic expression of CUL3 reduces DDX3X protein levels. MG132 blocks CUL3-mediated DDX3X degradation in BT549 (D), CAL51 (E) and HEK293T (F) cells. Cells expressing the empty vector or HA-CUL3 plasmid were treated with DMSO or 20 μM MG132 for 6 h before harvested for western blotting. G KLHL29 enhances CUL3-induced ubiquitination of DDX3X. H, I The BTB domain-deleted variant of KLHL29 (KLHL29-ΔBTB) interacts with DDX3X. HEK293T cells were transfected with plasmids encoding Myc-DDX3X and Flag-KLHL29-ΔBTB or Flag-KLHL29, followed by co-IP and western blotting assays. Flag-KLHL29 is set as control. J, K KLHL29-ΔBTB fails to bind to CUL3. HEK293T cells were transfected with plasmids encoding HA-CUL3 and Flag-KLHL29-ΔBTB or Flag-KLHL29, followed by co-IP and western blotting assays. Flag-KLHL29 is set as control. L Ectopic expression of KLHL29, but not KLHL29-ΔBTB, enhances the interaction of CUL3 and DDX3X. HEK293T cells were transfected with plasmids encoding Myc-DDX3X and HA-CUL3 together with Flag-KLHL29-ΔBTB or Flag-KLHL29, followed by co-IP and western blotting assays. M–O KLHL29-ΔBTB fails to regulate the protein levels of DDX3X in BT549 (M), CAL51 (N) and HEK293T (O) cells. P KLHL29-ΔBTB does not regulate the ubiquitination levels of DDX3X.