Stafford 2008.
Methods |
Study design: prospective controlled cohort Sampling frame: residents age 16 or older in 39 New Deal community areas in England, and residents in comparator areas matched on deprivation score and local authority Sampling method: random sample household survey of residents of New Deal communities age 16 or older. A similar household survey was carried out in deprived but not New Deal neighborhoods. At 2‐year follow‐up, surveys were repeated and a longitudinal panel of respondents resulted. In total, 10,390 previously interviewed New Deal site respondents were interviewed again in 2004 (73%). Among residents surveyed in comparison communities, 977 (72% of baseline) were interviewed Collection method: in‐person interview Description of the community coalition: New Deal program was launched in 1998 with the aim of reducing the gap between deprived neighborhoods and the rest of England through community‐led partnerships in 39 neighborhoods. Partnerships received about £50 million over 10 years. Each partnership had to create its own operating and governance procedures and systems for financial management and monitoring; also had to hire staff, decide on the role and composition of multi‐sector boards, and appoint or elect boards. Many were incorporated as companies |
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Participants |
Communities: 39 deprived neighborhoods in London, in Birmingham, and across England Country: England Ages included in assessment: 16+ (n = 11,367) Reasons provided for selection of intervention community: areas of high socioeconomic deprivation Intervention community (population size): Each New Deal site had a population of approximately 9800 residents Comparison community (population size): similar size |
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Interventions |
Name of intervention: New Deal for Communities Program Theory: area‐based regeneration Aim: to reduce gaps between the poorest neighborhoods and the rest of the country through a 10‐year strategic transformation of neighborhoods and local agencies Description of costs and resources: £50 million over 10 years per site Components of the intervention: Each New Deal site chose its own 10‐year targets and delivered a different set of interventions aimed at improving the environment, crime, education, employment, and health Start date: 1998 Duration: 10 years |
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Outcomes |
Outcomes and measures: self rated health status, SF‐36 mental health, smoking status, satisfaction with local area Time points: baseline (2002) and follow‐up (2004) |
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Notes | Funding source: government | |
Risk of bias | ||
Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
Random sequence generation (selection bias) | High risk | Not randomized |
Allocation concealment (selection bias) | High risk | No allocation concealment |
Baseline outcome measurement similar | Low risk | Similar baseline outcome measures |
Baseline characteristics similar | Low risk | Participants in intervention and control areas similar |
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes | High risk | Study interviewers were aware of intervention allocation, as it was determined by place of residence |
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | High risk | 30% of longitudinal cohort members lost to follow‐up in consecutive surveys |
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes | Unclear risk | Participants were not necessarily aware of the coalition intervention |
Protection against contamination | Unclear risk | Intervention and control communities were in relatively close proximity |
Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Low risk | Relevant outcomes were reported |