Wilson 2008.
| Methods |
Study design: cluster‐randomized trial (independent samples) Sampling frame: female clients receiving services at 1 of 40 experimental/control salons participating in the study Sampling method: listed all salons in target neighborhood using telephone directories and Internet sources by target ZIP codes Collection method: not reported for baseline assessment; self administered questionnaire for follow‐up Description of the community coalition: The Arthur Ashe Institute for Urban Health, faculty at the State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, and members of the Health and Beauty Council advisory group (consisting of local community health leaders, including salon owners, breast cancer survivors, and other healthcare advocates; leaders of local media outlets and foundations; and academic partners) worked together to develop, oversee, and interpret results of the intervention |
|
| Participants |
Communities: salons in Brooklyn, New York Country: USA Ages included in assessment: range not reported; mean age 38 (n = 1210) Reasons provided for selection of intervention community: Residents are predominantly racial/ethnic minority group members, of low income, and presumably less likely to adhere to breast cancer screening guidelines Intervention community (population size): 5 neighborhoods in Brooklyn, NY (population size not reported) Comparison community (population size): same as above |
|
| Interventions |
Name of intervention: Soul Sense of Beauty Theory: Social Cognitive Theory Aim: to promote customer screening practices by fostering the ability and motivation of stylists to deliver theoretically based and culturally appropriate breast health messages Description of costs and resources: not reported Components of the intervention: Stylist training included two 2‐hour workshops, a reference handbook, written materials provided to clients, and ongoing support from Institute staff Start date: 2002 Duration: 3 months (implemented in waves by salon) |
|
| Outcomes |
Outcomes and measures: salon customer survey of breast cancer screening measures completed for the prior 3 months
Time points: baseline and follow‐up (1 to 3 months later) |
|
| Notes | Only 16% of all salons approached agreed to participate Intended to follow‐up a cohort of clients, but because of attrition, only the results of 2 cross‐sectional surveys were presented Funder: National Cancer Institute Funding source: government |
|
| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Low risk | Salons randomly assigned by random number generator |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | High risk | No allocation concealment |
| Baseline outcome measurement similar | Low risk | Baseline rates of recent breast health practices similar between salon client groups |
| Baseline characteristics similar | Low risk | Salon client groups similar at baseline with regard to age, race, and family history of breast cancer |
| Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes | High risk | No blinding reported. |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | High risk | Cohort follow‐up dropped because of 80% attrition; response rates for baseline and follow‐up surveys not reported |
| Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes | High risk | No blinding |
| Protection against contamination | Unclear risk | Some contamination measured by asking participants about exposure to breast health messages in salons; analyses re‐grouped to test effectiveness by receipt of health promotion message |
| Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Low risk | Main outcomes reported |
AIDS: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
BMI: body mass index.
BP: blood pressure.
CBO: community‐based organization.
CDC: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
CHW: community health worker.
CI: confidence interval.
CRC: colorectal cancer.
EPOC: Effective Practice and Organization of Care.
HbA1c: glycosylated hemoglobin.
HIV: human immunodeficiency virus.
ITS: interrupted time series.
ITT: intention‐to‐treat.
LDL: low‐density lipoprotein.
OR: odds ratio.
PRC: Preventive Research Center.
RCT: randomized controlled trial.
RDD: random‐digit dialing.
REACH: Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health.
RWJ: Robert Wood Johnson.
STD: sexually transmitted disease.