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. 2023 Nov 3;14:1211705. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1211705

Table 1.

Comparisons of clinical characteristics categorized by daytime napping duration.

Daytime napping
duration
Short
(≤1 hr)
Long (>1 hr) P
Number of subjects 115 321
Age, years 58.4 58.1 0.86
Male gender, n (%) 54 (47.0) 147 (45.8) 0.83
Body mass index, kg/m2 22.9±0.5 24.4±0.3 <0.01
Current smoker, n (%) 26 (22.6) 86 (26.8) 0.38
Alcohol consumption, n (%) 51 (44.4) 106 (33.0) 0.03
Hypertension, n (%) 70 (60.9) 193 (60.1) 0.89
Dyslipidemia, n (%) 60 (52.2) 172 (53.6) 0.80
HbA1c, % 5.7±0.0 5.7±0.0 0.46
OGTT
 NGT, n (%) 36 (38.7) 91 (36.3) 0.68
 IGT, n (%) 40 (43.0) 114 (45.4) 0.69
 DM Type, n (%) 17 (18.3) 46 (18.3) 0.99
Nap duration (min) 34.1±9.9 189.0±5.9 <0.01
Nocturnal sleep duration (min) 362.3±10.6 319.1±6.5 <0.01
Nocturnal activity index 34.52±1.61 33.18±0.97 0.48
Daytime activity mean 155.58±4.47 119.43±2.68 <0.01
AHI 8.6±1.0 9.4±0.6 0.46

Data are presented as the mean ± standard error (SE) for continuous variables, and number (%) for dichotomous variables. P values are shown for comparisons of mean values for the groups (unrepeated t-test) or percentages (chi-squared test). OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test; NGT, normal glucose tolerance; IGT, impaired glucose tolerance; DM, diabetes mellitus; AHI, apnea hypopnea index.