Table 2.

Full multivariable hierarchical regression results for treatment retention outcomes.

Variables			Percentage of no-shows						Discharged with staff approval
			b		SE	P value		ORa (95% CI)			SE		P value
VIOPb			–5.71c		2.66	.03		2.38 (1.50-3.76)			0.56		.001
Clinician-level variables
Prefer virtual format (vs other)			5.75		3.13	.07		0.75 (0.37-1.50)			0.27		.41
Patient load			0.03		0.05	.55		1.01 (1.00-1.02)			0.006		.21
Empathy scale
	Perspective taking	–2.61		2.44		.28	0.99 (0.57-1.71)			0.28		.96
	Empathic concern	–2.09		2.21		.34	1.02 (0.62-1.68)			0.26		.93
	Personal distress	–6.31		2.16		.003	1.33 (0.82-2.14)			0.32		.24
Technology comfort scale			–2.14		1.51	.16		1.20 (0.86-1.67)			0.20		.29
Stress index			–0.11		0.21	.61		0.98 (0.94-1.03)			0.02		.38
Resistance to change scale			1.59		1.68	.34		0.95 (0.65-1.39)			0.18		.80
Years with license			–0.09		0.18	.66		1.03 (0.99-1.07)			0.02		.17
Aged			–0.30		0.83	.76		0.99 (0.82-1.19)			0.09		.88
Gender (female=1)			–1.63		1.97	.41		1.36 (0.87-2.12)			0.31		.18
White (vs another race or ethnicity)			3.53		3.77	.35		0.88 (0.38-2.04)			0.38		.76
Variance components
	Clinician level	47.77				<.001
	Patient level	472.64				<.001	0.27 (0.12-0.60)					<.001
	VIOP slope	56.95				<.001

^aOR: odds ratio.

^bVIOP: virtual intensive outpatient program.

^cItalic formatting indicates statistical significance at P<.05.

^dClinician age is measured categorically (1: 18-25, 2: 26-35, 3: 36-45, 4: 46-55, 5: 56-65, and 6: 65+ years).