Table 3.

Association Between Occupational Stress and Sleep Quality

Reference	Association Between Occupational Stress And Sleep Quality			Other Factors
		Occupational stress	Sleep quality
(Deng et al, 2020)33	N	Type of nurse contract;	Sleep quality	None.
		Self-reported job stress
		Job difficulty factor;	Sleep disturbances
		Doctor-patient relationships;
		Psychosomatic state;
		Environment or events;
		Promotion or competition;
		Total pressure scores
(Peng et al, 2022)48	N	Job stress	Sleep quality	Occupational stress and PER3 genotype had both separate and combined effects on poor sleep quality.
(Song et al, 2017)34	N	Patient factors;	Sleep quality	Depression and anxiety revealed a significant association with the doctor job stress.
		Clinical responsibility/judgment factors
(Song & Kim, 2019)9	N	Job stress	Sleep quality	Dentists’ job stress was significantly associated with income, work time, job satisfaction and depression.
(Rabei et al, 2020)36	N	Number and duration of shifts;	Sleep quality	None.
		Problems related to peers
		Demanding patients and their families	Sleep duration
		Demanding patients and their families;	Sleep efficiency
		Work load;
		Discrimination;
		Uncertainty regarding treatment
(Jiang et al, 2016)49	N	Job stress	Sleep quality	5-HTR2A genotype was significantly associated with sleep quality;
				Occupational stress and 5-HTR2A genotypes in workers are associated both independently and in combination with increased risk of poor sleep quality.
(Li et al, 2022)30	N	Occupational stress	Sleep quality	Age, junior college and above, borehole operation, extraction of oil, drilling, shift work, and mental disorders are risk factors for sleep disorders.
(Li et al, 2019)29	N	Occupational stress	Subjective sleep quality;	The higher the level of glycosaminoglycan, the less likely the subject is to have sleep disorders.
			Sleep disorder;
			Daytime dysfunction
(Gao et al, 2018)39	N	Occupational stress	Sleep disturbances;	Stress can increase the risk of poor sleep quality, but this effect is worse in a group of people with specific gene polymorphisms.
			Daytime dysfunction
(Yook, 2019)50	N	Occupational stress	Sleep quality	Occupational stress was significantly correlated with cardiorespiratory fitness and arterial stiffness.
(Takaesu et al, 2021)35	N	Occupational stress	Insufficient sleep;	None.
			Long sleep durations on free days;
			Social jetlag
(Van Laethem et al, 2015)13	N	Work-related stress	Sleep quality	Perseverative cognition could be an important underlying mechanism in the association between work-related stress and sleep quality;
				Work-related stress, perseverative cognition, and sleep quality mutually influence each other over time.
(Sousa et al, 2018)41	N	General stress level	Use of sleeping medication	None.
(Gu et al, 2019)51	N	Professional and career issues	Sleep quality	Occupational stress was correlated with anxiety.
(Han et al, 2016)37	N	Many years of working;	Sleep quality	None.
		Job title;
		Registered nurse;
		Many times of night shift per month;
		No frequent exercise
		Many efforts and few rewards;
		High decision-making autonomy
(Jiang et al, 2020)52	N	Professional and career issues	Sleep quality	Serum DA levels may interrelate with job stress to affect sleep.
(Dong et al, 2022)53	N	Occupational stress	Sleep quality	The sleep quality was poorer in doctors than in nurses, and poorer in those working in secondary and tertiary hospitals than in primary hospitals;
				High prevalence of sleep disturbance was significantly associated with shift work, musculoskeletal pain, fewer breaks in a work shift, and less exercise during leisure time;
				Sleep disturbance occurred in emergency workers in the following order: two-shift rotation > three-shift rotation > permanent night shift > permanent day shift.
(Eskildsen et al, 2017)54	N	Occupational stress	Sleep quality	Improvement in cognitive impairments is partly mediated by decreasing levels of perceived stress and, to a lesser extent, decreasing levels of sleep disturbances.
(J. Wang et al, 2022)55	N	Work stress	Sleep quality	The interaction between work stress and Per3 gene polymorphism may increase the risk of sleep quality problems
(Saalwirth & Leipold, 2021)40	N	Work-related stress	Shorter sleep duration;	The effect of a flexible start of work for daytime worker’s well-being depends on a person’s individual sleep timing and chronotype.
			Greater need for additional sleep;
			Late chronotype
(Dong et al, 2020)56	N	Occupational stress	Sleep quality	The following factors were associated with poor sleep: hospital level (tertiary vs primary, secondary vs primary), female sex, less of exercise, long work hours per week, many patients in the charge of at night, high monthly night shift frequency (4–6 vs never, ≥ 7 vs never).
(D’Ettorre et al, 2020)57	/			Significantly more women than men experienced high job strain, insomnia and daytime sleepiness; among women the level of social support was significantly and negatively associated with insomnia and daytime sleepiness.
(Pereira & Elfering, 2014)58	N	Social stressors at work	Objectively assessed sleep fragmentation	Social stressors at work were positively related to psychosomatic health complaints;
				Objectively assessed sleep fragmentation mediated the effect of social stressors at work on psychosomatic health complaints.
(Wu et al, 2023)59	N	Occupational stress	Sleep quality	Work stress could indirectly affect sleep quality through circadian rhythm amplitude and stability.
(Iwasaki et al, 2018)38	N	Higher role ambiguity	Sleep quality	None.
		Role conflict	Sleep disturbance;
			Daytime dysfunction
(Rasdi, 2018)31	N	Work stress	Sleep quality	Higher level of being avoidance as a coping strategy were found to be significantly correlated with poorer sleep quality.
(Xie et al, 2021)32	N	Occupational stress	Sleep quality	Work stress was negatively correlated with job satisfaction and psychological capital;
				Psychological capital plays a mediating role between work stress and sleep quality among couriers.
(Myllyntausta et al, 2019)60	/			None.
(Kim et al, 2020)61	N	Perceived job insecurity	Subjective sleep quality	Negative work spillover mediates the relationship between perceived job insecurity and subjective sleep quality.
(Shimura et al, 2020)26	N	Job stressors and social support	Sleep quality	Irregular meal time, not eating vegetables every clay, night-cap, weight gain, lack of sunlight in the morning in the bedroom, waking up before dawn, electronic display use in bed, and daily caffeine intake were significantly associated with sleep disturbance.
(Leitaru et al, 2019)62	N	Job stressors	Sleep quality	Self-rated health plays an important moderating role in the association between job strain and sleep quality.
(Bilgic et al, 2021)63	N	Perceived stress;	Sleep quality	Age, years worked, fear of infecting the family with COVID-19, receiving COVID-19 education, regular nutrition, were effective predictors of stress level.
		Shift work;
		Stress level;
		A coworker having COVID-19;
		Being out of home due to the risk of transmission;
		Having a person older than 65 in the home
(Herr et al, 2018)64	N	Improvement of the prolonged reactivity;	Sleep quality	The improvement of stress reactivity resulting from a work stress intervention was effective and generally long-lasting in preventing mental health.
		Reduction of the reactivity to social conflicts
(Bernburg et al, 2021)65	N	Pandemic-related stress	Sleep quality	None.
(Hartley et al, 2014)66	N	Perception of stress severity and frequency of stressors	Sleep quality	None.
(Abbasi et al, 2018)67	/			Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), shift work, and high body mass index are associated with poor sleep quality.
(Zhang et al, 2016)68	N	Work features	Sleep duration;	None.
			Sleep quality