Table 2.
Odds of being frail and pre-frail by hearing status among community-dwelling older adults from NHATS
| Frail vs. Robust | Pre-frail vs. Robust | Frail vs. Pre-frail | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds Ratios (95% Confidence Intervals) | |||||
| Total sample (N = 2,361) | |||||
| BPTAa, per 10 dB HLb | 1.20 (1.05–1.38) | 1.10 (1.00–1.21) | 1.10 (0.97–1.25) | ||
| Age group 71–80 years (N = 1,211) | |||||
| BPTAa, per 10 dB HLb | 1.31 (1.09–1.59) | 1.10 (0.97–1.24) | 1.20 (0.99–1.45) | ||
| Hearing loss categories | |||||
| No hearing loss (N = 466) | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||
| Mild hearing loss (N = 476) | 1.35 (0.76–2.37) | 1.25 (0.88–1.78) | 1.08 (0.62–1.87) | ||
| Moderate or greater hearing loss (N = 269) | 2.41 (1.20–4.82) | 1.42 (0.91–2.20) | 1.70 (0.85–3.40) | ||
| Age group > 80 years (N = 1,150) | |||||
| BPTAa, per 10 dB HLb | 1.05 (0.90–1.22) | 1.06 (0.94–1.20) | 0.99 (0.87–1.12) | ||
| Hearing loss categories | |||||
| No hearing loss (N = 171) | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||
| Mild hearing loss (N = 384) | 1.08 (0.58–2.00) | 1.37 (0.80–2.37) | 0.79 (0.44–1.39) | ||
| Moderate or greater hearing loss (N = 595) | 1.15 (0.64–2.07) | 1.51 (0.92–2.48) | 0.76 (0.45–1.29) | ||
Adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, educational attainment, log of income, BMI, hypertension, diabetes, and stroke
Reported as relative odds ratios from three-category multinomial model (robust, pre-frail, or frail)
Abbreviations: aBPTA better-hearing ear pure-tone average, bdB HL decibels hearing level