Table 1.
General characteristics of included studies
| First author,(Year) | Country | Study setting | Study design | Study population | Sample size | Quality score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yagdiran A.,et al.2022 | Germany | University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne | Retrospective, Cohort study |
Children Mean age: 5 years 30% girls 70% boys |
N = 10 |
Good quality |
| Ferri I.,et al.2021 | Italy | Meyer children’s University Hospital, Florence | Retrospective, Cohort study |
Children Mean age: 9.3 years 42.8% girls 57.2% boys |
N = 21 |
Good quality |
| Musso P.,et al.2021 | Italy | Meyer children’s University Hospital, Florence | Retrospective, Cohort study |
Children Mean age: 5 years 45.4% girls 54.6% boys |
N = 22 |
Good quality |
| Roversi.M.,et al.2021 | Italy | Bambino children’s Hospital, Rome | Retrospective, Cohort study |
Children Mean age: 3.8 years 47.9% girls 52.1% boys |
N = 48 |
Good quality |
| Afshari F.,et al.2019 | England | Birmingham children’s Hospital, Birmingham | Retrospective, Cohort study |
Children Mean age: 4.3 years 52.1% girls 47.9% boys |
N = 23 |
Good quality |
| Dayer R.,et al. 2018 | Switzerland | University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva | Retrospective, Cohort study |
Children Mean age: 3.4 years 34.9% girls 65.1% boys |
N = 103 |
Poor quality |
| Kang H.,et al.2016 | South Korea | Seoul national University children’s Hospital, Seoul | Retrospective, Cohort study |
Children Mean age: 13.8 years 40% girls 60% boys |
N = 25 |
Good quality |
| Ceroni D.,et al.2013 | Switzerland | Geneva children’s Hospital, Geneva | Retrospective, Cohort study |
Children Mean age: 2.8 years 40% girls 60% boys |
N = 10 |
Good quality |
| Zomalheto Z.,et al.2013 | Benin | National Hospital University hubert Koutoukou Maga, Cotonou | Cross-sectional study |
Children Mean age: N.A. 37.9% girls 62.1% boys |
N = 29 |
Good quality |
| Spencer S.,et al.2012 | Scotland | Children’s Hospital of Scotland, Glasgow | Retrospective, Cohort study |
Children Mean age: 1.8 years 75% girls 25% boys |
N = 12 |
Good quality |
| Chandrasenan J.,et al. 2011 | England | Royal Derby Hospital, Derby | Retrospective, Cohort study |
Children Mean age: 3.3 years 56.2% girls 43.8% boys |
N = 16 |
Good quality |
| Miranda.I.,et al.2008 | Spain | Department of orthopaedic surgery and traumatology, Valencia | Retrospective, Cohort study |
Children Mean age: 1.6 years 30% girls 70% boys |
N = 10 |
Good quality |
| Waizy H.,et al.2007 | Germany | Pediatric department of the Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf | Retrospective, Cohort study |
Children Mean age: 1.9 years 50% girls 50% boys |
N = 6 |
Good quality |
| Kayser R.,et al.2005 | Germany | University orthopedic Hospital, Magdeburg | Retrospective, Cohort study |
Children Mean age: 6.1 years 68% girls 32% boys |
N = 25 |
Good quality |
| Karabouta Z.,et al.2005 | England | Bristol royal Hospital, Birmingham | Retrospective, Cohort study |
Children Mean age: 1.1 years 60% girls 40% boys |
N = 5 |
Good quality |
| Garron E.,et al. 2002 | France | Children’s Hospital of Timone, Marseille | Retrospective, Cohort study |
Children Mean age: 4.6 years 45.2% girls 54.8% boys |
N = 42 |
Good quality |
| Brown.R.,et al.2001 | England | Children Hospital of London, London | Retrospective, Cohort study |
Children Mean age: 1.5 years 63.6% girls 36.4% boys |
N = 11 |
Good quality |