TABLE 1.
Baseline Patient Characteristics
| Patient characteristic | Overall sample N = 21,251 | Low disease activity n = 10,911 | Active disease n = 14,310 | End-stage renal disease n = 2,240 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean ± SD | 60.3 ± 15.7 | 62.4 ± 15.1 | 59.4 ± 15.7 | 58.0 ± 15.7 | ||||
| Quan-CCI, mean ± SD | 2.35 ± 2.01 | 2.20 ± 1.90 | 2.30 ± 2.00 | 2.90 ± 2.30 | ||||
| Sex | ||||||||
| Female | 18,470 | (86.9) | 9,570 | (87.7) | 12,555 | (87.7) | 1,805 | (80.6) |
| Male | 2,774 | (13.1) | 1,337 | (12.3) | 1,752 | (12.2) | 434 | (19.4) |
| Unknown | 7 | (0) | 4 | (0) | 3 | (0) | 1 | (0) |
| Race and ethnicity | ||||||||
| White | 11,733 | (55.2) | 6,234 | (57.1) | 7,893 | (55.2) | 1,110 | (49.6) |
| Black | 3,734 | (17.6) | 1,808 | (16.6) | 2,550 | (17.8) | 550 | (24.6) |
| Hispanic | 3,089 | (14.5) | 1,604 | (14.7) | 2,078 | (14.5) | 333 | (14.9) |
| Asian | 666 | (3.1) | 324 | (3.0) | 445 | (3.1) | 82 | (3.7) |
| Unknown | 2,029 | (9.6) | 941 | (8.6) | 1,344 | (9.4) | 165 | (7.4) |
| Comorbidities | ||||||||
| Hypertension | 12,928 | (60.8) | 6,597 | (60.5) | 8,567 | (59.9) | 1,521 | (67.9) |
| Gastrointestinal symptoms | 7,024 | (33.1) | 2,471 | (22.7) | 3,708 | (25.9) | 589 | (26.3) |
| Any infection | 6,491 | (30.5) | 3,022 | (27.7) | 4,506 | (31.5) | 738 | (33.0) |
| Diabetesa | 6,231 | (29.3) | 3,233 | (29.6) | 4,029 | (28.2) | 804 | (35.9) |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 2,614 | (12.3) | 1,408 | (12.9) | 1,966 | (13.7) | 344 | (15.4) |
| Psychiatric events | 2,611 | (12.3) | 1,162 | (10.7) | 1,566 | (10.9) | 191 | (8.5) |
| Edema | 2,609 | (12.3) | 1,178 | (10.8) | 1,787 | (12.5) | 361 | (16.1) |
| Congestive heart failure | 2,547 | (12.0) | 1,165 | (10.7) | 1,660 | (11.6) | 409 | (18.3) |
| Osteoporosis | 2,470 | (11.6) | 1,184 | (10.9) | 1,702 | (11.9) | 211 | (9.4) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 1,809 | (8.5) | 910 | (8.3) | 1,133 | (7.9) | 233 | (10.4) |
| Skin conditions | 1,526 | (7.2) | 685 | (6.3) | 1,054 | (7.4) | 112 | (5.0) |
| Any tumorsb | 1,413 | (6.7) | 665 | (6.1) | 987 | (6.9) | 151 | (6.7) |
| Myocardial infarction | 879 | (4.1) | 395 | (3.6) | 566 | (4.0) | 108 | (4.8) |
| Region | ||||||||
| Northeast | 1,938 | (9.1) | 990 | (9.1) | 1,255 | (8.8) | 193 | (8.6) |
| Midwest | 3,719 | (17.5) | 1,814 | (16.6) | 2,529 | (17.7) | 405 | (18.1) |
| South | 10,016 | (47.1) | 4,885 | (44.8) | 6,925 | (48.4) | 1,203 | (53.7) |
| West | 5,542 | (26.1) | 3,205 | (29.4) | 3,576 | (25.0) | 433 | (19.3) |
| Other/unknown | 36 | (0.2) | 17 | (0.2) | 25 | (0.2) | 6 | (0.3) |
| Payer type | ||||||||
| Commercial | 8,101 | (38.1) | 3,645 | (33.4) | 5,642 | (39.4) | 930 | (41.5) |
| Medicare | 13,150 | (61.9) | 7,266 | (66.6) | 8,668 | (60.6) | 1,310 | (58.5) |
Values are the number (percentage), unless otherwise indicated. Baseline characteristics were assessed during the 6-month pre-index period, including the index date.
a With and without organ damage.
b Including leukemia and lymphoma.
Quan-CCI = Quan-Charlson Comordity Index.