Fig. 5. Retinal iron deposition causes senescence in C57 mice.

A Experimental timeline of FAC and DFO treatment in C57 mice. B Lillie’s Ferrous Iron stain showing Fe²⁺ deposition in retinal tissue of mice. Scale bars, 100 μm. C SA-β-Gal staining of mouse retina. Scale bars, 100 μm. D The fundus photograph of mice. Scale bars, 500 μm. E The outer nuclear layer (ONL) area in horizontal optical coherence tomography scans (yellow line) was quantified by ImageJ (n = 3). F The H&E staining of mouse retina (n = 3). Scale bars, 100 μm. G The immunohistochemistry analysis of 8-OhdG, 4-HNE and MDA in the mouse retina. Scale bars, 100 μm. H The protein expression of Arrestin, Rhodopsin and p-H2AX in mouse retina was evaluated by immunofluorescence. Scale bars, 25 μm. I The protein content of IFN-β, TNF-α and IL-6 in eye tissue of mice was assessed by Western blot (n = 3). J The protein content of cGAS, p-STING and STING in eye tissue of mice was assessed by Western blot (n = 3). Data are shown as Mean ± SD. *p < 0.05 vs. control group. ^#p < 0.05 vs. FAC group.