Table 2.
β coefficient and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of long-term performance in global and domain-specific cognitive functions in relation to anemia
| Anemia | Global cognition β (95% CI)† | Working memory β (95% CI)† | Prospective memory β (95% CI)† | Visual memory β (95% CI)† | Verbal reasoning β (95% CI)† | Processing speed β (95% CI)† |
| Total population | ||||||
| No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | –0.08 (–0.14, –0.01) † | 0.19 (–0.11, 0.48) | –0.10 (–0.25, 0.06) | –0.04 (–0.14, 0.05) | 0.06 (–0.08, 0.19) | –0.10 (–0.19, –0.01)† |
| Female | ||||||
| No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | –0.03 | 0.15 | –0.04 | –0.05 | 0.02 | –0.08 |
| (–0.12, –0.53)† | (–0.26, 0.56) | (–0.26, 0.18) | (–0.08, 0.18) | (–0.16, 0.20) | (–0.20, 0.04) | |
| Male | ||||||
| No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | –0.11 | 0.18 | –0.18 | –0.13 | 0.11 | –0.06 |
| (–0.20, –0.02)† | (–0.26, 0.61) | (–0.41, 0.05) | (–0.28, 0.01) | (–0.09, 0.32) | (–0.18, 0.06) |
† Model adjusted for age, sex, education, race, Townsend deprivation index, smoking status, alcohol consumption status, body mass index, regular physical activity, active social connection, apolipoprotein E epsilon 4, C-creative protein, and chronic conditions. *p < 0.05.