Table 1.
Participant characteristics at baseline*
| Control group (n 36) | LFD group (n 34) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | |
| Female/male | 29/7 | 81/19 | 30/4 | 88/12 |
| Age (years) | ||||
| Mean | 45 | 46 | ||
| sd | 15 | 13 | ||
| European | 36 | 100 | 34 | 100 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||
| Median | 25† | 25 | ||
| 25th, 75th percentile | 23, 28† | 22, 27 | ||
| BMI category | ||||
| Underweight (< 18·5) | 0† | 0† | 1 | 3 |
| Normal weight (18·5–24·9) | 17† | 49† | 16 | 47 |
| Overweight (25·0–29·9) | 13† | 37† | 13 | 38 |
| Obese (> 30·0) | 5† | 14† | 4 | 12 |
| Education level | ||||
| Primary school | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 |
| High school | 13 | 36 | 5 | 15 |
| University/college, lower degree | 12 | 33 | 14 | 41 |
| University/college, higher degree | 10 | 28 | 14 | 41 |
| Allergy/intolerance | 14 | 39 | 17 | 50 |
| CeD diagnostics | ||||
| Duration of CeD (years) | ||||
| Median | 7 | 9 | ||
| 25th, 75th percentile | 4, 15 | 5, 14 | ||
| Anti-tTG2 IgA (103 U/L) | ||||
| Median | 0·5 | 0·5 | ||
| 25th, 75th percentile | 0·5, 1·4 | 0·5, 1·5 | ||
| Anti-DGP IgG (U) | ||||
| Median | 2·5 | 2·5 | ||
| 25th, 75th percentile | 2·5, 4·4 | 2·5, 2·5 | ||
| HLA DQ 2 | 27‡ | 82‡ | 28§ | 88§ |
| HLA DQ 8 | 6‡ | 18‡ | 4§ | 13§ |
| Marsh score 0 | 26 | 72 | 25 | 74 |
| Marsh score 1 | 10 | 28 | 9 | 27 |
| GSRS-IBS total score|| | ||||
| Mean | 37 | 39 | ||
| sd | 13 | 11 | ||
Values are presented as n and percentage for categorical variables, means with sd for normally distributed variables or medians with 25th and 75th percentile for non-normally distributed variables. Median is used for variables where data were not normally distributed in at least one group. LFD, low FODMAP diet; FODMAP, fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols; CeD, coeliac disease; tTG, tissue transglutaminase; DGP, deaminated gliadin peptide; HLA, human leukocyte antigen; GSRS-IBS, gastrointestinal symptom rating scale IBS version; IBS, irritable bowel syndrome.
n 35 (one missing).
n 33 (three missing).
n 32 (two missing).
GSRS-IBS total scores are presented as mean with sd but are not checked for normality because the method is based on the mean independently of normality.