TABLE 1.
Characteristics of the Study Sample by BMI
| Normal (BMI <85th Percentile) (N = 979) | Overweight (BMI 85th–95th Percentile) (N = 189) | Obese (BMI >95th Percentile) (N = 109) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at screening (y) | 11.6 (3.7) | 12.6 (3.6) | 11.9 (4.0) | .002 |
| Sex | .08 | |||
| Male | 456 (46.6%) | 76 (40.2%) | 58 (53.2%) | |
| Female | 523 (53.4%) | 113 (59.8%) | 51 (46.8%) | |
| Baseline glucose (mg/dL) | 524 (158) | 504 (157) | 512 (151) | .18 |
| Baseline BUN (mg/dL) | 17.4 (7.5) | 16.2 (6.9) | 16.4 (7.4) | .16 |
| Baseline bicarbonate (mEq/L) | 9.0 (3.2) | 8.8 (3.5) | 8.3 (2.8) | .07 |
| Baseline pH | 7.16 (0.10) | 7.15 (0.11) | 7.14 (0.09) | .02 |
| Baseline pCO2 (mm Hg) | 26.4 (7.4) | 26.1 (7.2) | 25.5 (6.9) | .48 |
| Baseline glucose-corrected sodium (mEq/L) | 140.9 (5.2) | 141.8 (5.0) | 141.2 (5.7) | .17 |
| Baseline chloride (mEq/L) | 98.2 (6.1) | 98.9 (5.5) | 98.8 (6.2) | .31 |
| Baseline creatinine (z-score adjusted for age) | 1.1 (1.5) | 1.3 (1.3) | 1.4 (1.5) | .004 |
| Dehydration severitya | .24 | |||
| Mild (<5%) | 378 (38.6%) | 86 (45.5%) | 48 (44.0%) | |
| Moderate (5–<10%) | 315 (32.2%) | 55 (29.1%) | 36 (33.0%) | |
| Severe (≥10%) | 101 (10.3%) | 16 (8.5%) | 4 (3.7%) | |
| Unknown | 185 (18.9%) | 32 (16.9%) | 21 (19.3%) | |
| DKA severityb | .15 | |||
| Mild (pH ≥7.2) | 435 (44.4%) | 76 (40.2%) | 35 (32.1%) | |
| Moderate (7.10≤ pH <7.2) | 332 (33.9%) | 69 (36.5%) | 44 (40.4%) | |
| Severe (pH <7.10) | 212 (21.7%) | 44 (23.3%) | 30 (27.5%) | |
| Baseline GCS score | .58 | |||
| <14 | 17 (1.7%) | 4 (2.1%) | 3 (2.8%) | |
| 14 | 65 (6.6%) | 18 (9.5%) | 9 (8.3%) | |
| 15 | 897 (91.6%) | 167 (88.4%) | 97 (89.0%) | |
| Previously diagnosed with diabetes | <.001 | |||
| No | 488 (49.8%) | 61 (32.3%) | 43 (39.4%) | |
| Yes | 491 (50.2%) | 128 (67.7%) | 66 (60.6%) | |
| 12-mo weighted mean HbA1c result: Mean (SD) | 10.7 (1.9) | 10.7 (1.9) | 10.4 (1.9) | .58 |
Continuous characteristics are summarized with mean (SD), P value is from a Kruskal-Wallis test; categorical characteristics are summarized with N (%), P value is from a χ 2 test. HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c.
a
Dehydration is calculated as 100% x (discharge weight–initial weight)/discharge weight.
b
If pH was unknown, bicarbonate was used: Severe if 0 to <5, moderate if 5 to <10, and mild if ≥10.