Table 2.

Intraoperative medication, surgical strategies, and pathological diagnosis.

	OFA group n = 56	OSA group n = 55	p-value
Intraoperative opioid
Intravenous sufentanil (mg)	0	12.80 ± 4.05
epidural hydromorphone (mg)	0	0.39 ± 0.06
Intravenous remifentanil (ug)	0	108.80 ± 78.60
Intraoperative local anesthetics
Intravenous 2% lidocaine (mL)	7.84 ± 2.82	2.51 ± 1.15	<0.001
Intravenous magnesium sulfate (g)	0.38 ± 0.14	0	<0.001
Epidural ropivacaine (mL)	18.16 ± 2.65	14.38 ± 1.81	<0.001
Intraoperative rescue medication
Ephedrine (mg)	4.02 ± 5.21	7.98 ± 7.67	0.005
Phenylephrine (mg)	0.25 ± 0.28	0.21 ± 0.30	0.444
Norepinephrine bitartrate (mg)	0.06 ± 0.12	0.03 ± 0.05	0.174
Surgical choices, n (%)			0.337
Lobectomy	6 (10.7%)	13 (23.6%)
Segmentectomy	12 (21.4%)	11 (20.0%)
Wedge resection	26 (46.4%)	22 (40.0%)
Combined	12 (21.4%)	9 (16.4%)
Pathological diagnosis, (n)			0.615
Adenocarcinoma	51	50
Benign or atypical lesions	4	2
Lymphoma	1	1
Hamartoma	0	1
Neuroendocrine tumor	0	1

Continuous variables are expressed as mean ± SD. Discrete variables are expressed as count (percentage).