Table 2.
Patient characteristics by failure to rescue
| Characteristic | No failure to rescue (n = 4580, 86.2%) |
Failure to rescue (n= =735, 13.8%) |
p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 67.0 (59.0 – 74.0) | 71.0 (63.0 – 78.0) | <0.001 |
| Female Sex | 1537 (34.3) | 309 (42.0) | <0.001 |
| White Race | 3389 (74.0) | 564 (76.7) | 0.290 |
| ESRD | 234 (5.11) | 63 (8.57) | <0.001 |
| Pre-operative creatinine level | 1.03 (0.81 – 1.40) | 1.12 (0.90 - 1.50) | <0.001 |
| Pre-operative Hemoglobin level | 12.6 (11.0 - 13.9) | 11.9 (10.3 – 13.4) | <0.001 |
| Pre-operative white blood cell count | 8.00 (6.50 – 9.90) | 8.40 (6.50 – 11.1) | <0.001 |
| Pre-operative total albumin | 3.70 (3.30 – 4.00) | 3.60 (3.00 – 3.90) | <0.001 |
| Chronic Lung Disease | 1712 (37.4) | 302 (41.1) | 0.054 |
| MELD | 7.94 (7.31 – 10.7) | 9.22 (7.47 – 13.3) | < 0.001 |
| Liver Disease | 261 (5.70) | 61 (8.30) | 0.021 |
| Oxygen-dependent lung disease | 32 (0.70) | 11 (1.50) | 0.025 |
| Obstructive sleep apnea | 843 (18.4) | 115 (15.7) | 0.071 |
| Current Tobacco Use | 1001 (21.9) | 136 (18.5) | 0.012 |
| Cerebrovascular Disease | 1160 (25.3) | 229 (31.2) | < 0.001 |
| Prior Stroke | 578 (12.6) | 110 (15.0) | 0.079 |
| Hypertension | 3987 (87.0) | 655 (89.1) | 0.118 |
| Peripheral Arterial Disease | 750 (16.4) | 192 (26.1) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes Mellitus | 2205 (48.1) | 359 (48.8) | 0.725 |
| Immunocompromise | 214 (4.67) | 58 (7.89) | <0.001 |
| Pre-operative Arrhythmia | 676 (14.7) | 148 (20.1) | <0.001 |
| CHF | 2137 (46.7) | 409 (55.7) | <0.001 |
| Prior MI | 2385 (52.1) | 441 (60.0) | <0.001 |
| Body Surface Area | 2.87 (2.71 – 2.97) | 2.83 (2.67 - 2.97) | <0.001 |
| Ejection Fraction | 55.0 (40.0 – 60.0) | 53.0 (35.0 – 60.0) | 0.029 |
| Prior PCI | 1172 (25.6) | 215 (29.3) | 0.036 |
| Prior CABG | 178 (3.89) | 45 (6.12) | 0.005 |
| Prior Valve | 208 (4.54) | 39 (5.31) | 0.361 |
| Health Insurance | 4190 (91.5) | 679 (92.4) | 0.416 |
| First Cardiac Surgery | 4231 (92.4) | 671 (91.3) | 0.112 |
| Status | <0.001 | ||
| Elective | 1682 (36.7) | 220 (29.9) | |
| Urgent | 2493 (54.4) | 407 (55.4) | |
| Emergent | 371 (8.10) | 92 (12.5) | |
| Emergent Salvage | 34 (0.74) | 16 (2.18) | |
| Pre-operative Intraaortic balloon pump | 1049 (22.9) | 256 (34.8) | <0.001 |
| Procedure Type | 0.007 | ||
| Isolated CABG | 2812 (61.4) | 422 (57.4) | |
| Isolated AVR | 460 (10.0) | 57 (7.76) | |
| AVR + CABG | 443 (9.67) | 78 (10.6) | |
| MV Repair | 190 (4.15) | 33 (5.17) | |
| MV Repair + CABG | 188 (4.10) | 38 (5.17) | |
| MV Replacement + CABG | 143 (3.12) | 37 (5.03) | |
| MV Replacement | 344 (7.51) | 70 (9.52) | |
| Aortic Stenosis | 893 (19.5) | 159 (21.6) | 0.178 |
| Severe Aortic Regurgitation | 146 (3.19) | 21 (2.86) | 0.642 |
| Mitral Stenosis | 189 (4.13) | 54 (7.35) | <0.001 |
| Severe Mitral Regurgitation | 643 (14.0) | 129 (17.6) | <0.001 |
| Tricuspid Stenosis | 12 (0.26) | 1 (0.14) | 0.521 |
| Tricuspid Regurgitation | 92 (2.01) | 31 (4.22) | <0.001 |
| Cross clamp time | 80.0 (63.0 – 106) | 84.0 (66.0 – 119) | 0.001 |
| Cardiopulmonary bypass time | 114 (88.0 - 153) | 126 (95.0 – 178) | <0.001 |
| Intraoperative blood product | 0 (0 – 2.00) | 1 (0 – 3.00) | <0.001 |
| STS Predicted Risk of Mortality | 2.56 (1.24 – 5.43) | 5.08 (2.22 – 12.4) | <0.001 |