Table 2.

C. perfringens isolation from enterotoxemia-suspected sheep based on health status, sex, age, and season

Variable	Group	Positive		Negative		Total		95% CI for positive samples	P-value*
		N	%	N	%	N	%
Health status	Diarrhoeic	38	32.8	78	67.2	116	100	24.3-41.3	0.000
	Dead	9	69.2	4	30.8	13	100	44.1-94.3
	Healthy	8	12.7	55	87.3	63	100	4.5-20.9
	Sum.	55	28.6	137	71.4	192	100	22.2-35.0
Sex	Male	16	30.8	36	69.2	52	100	18.3-43.3	>0.05
	Female	39	27.9	101	72.1	140	100	20.5-35.3
	Sum.	55	28.6	137	71.4	192	100	22.2-35.0
Age groups	1-12 months	28	40.0	42	60.0	70	100	28.5-51.5	0.012
	13–24 months	13	30.2	30	69.8	43	100	16.5-43.9
	25-36 months	11	27.5	29	72.5	40	100	13.7-41.3
	37-48 months	2	8.7	21	91.3	23	100	-2.8-20.2
	≥49 months	1	6.3	15	93.8	16	100	-5.6-18.2
	Sum.	55	28.6	137	71.4	192	100	22.2-35.0
Seasons	Spring	26	32.5	54	67.5	80	100	22.2-42.8	0.000
	Summer	5	10.4	43	89.6	48	100	1.8-19.0
	Autumn	10	25.0	30	75.0	40	100	11.6-38.4
	Late winter	14	58.3	10	41.7	24	100	38.6-78.0
	Sum.	55	28.6	137	71.4	192	100	22.2-35.0

CI, Confidence Interval; %, Percent; N, number; * Statistical analysis was performed by Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. The P-value less than 0.05 indicates a significant association between C. perfringens isolation and variables