Figure 4.

Lipid oxidation and signaling enzymes in offspring gastroc. Protein abundance of key regulators of lipid metabolism, including VLCAD (A), HADHA (B), CPT1β (C), and CPT2 (D), upstream signaling kinases, AMPKα2 (E), ACCα/β (F), phosphorylated (p)AMPK (T172) (G), and pACC (S79) (H), and PGC1α (I) was measured by immunoassay in offspring gastroc. Individual protein abundance was adjusted to GAPDH, vinculin, or α-tubulin and ratios were expressed relative to the mCD/pwCD group. J: Representative immunoassay images with loading controls. Dashed horizontal lines indicate different contrast levels. Data were analyzed with two-way ANOVA for significant main effects of m or pw diet or interactions with Sidak multiple comparisons test. P values for significant main effects are listed in each graph. For post hoc analysis, carets (^∧P < 0.05, ^∧∧P < 0.01) indicate significant differences by m diet within the same pw diet group. Individual data points for offspring on pwCD (open bars) or pwWD (blue bars) are shown along with group minimum, maximum, and median and interquartile range. M offspring are indicated by circles and F offspring by triangles. Sample size for each group by sex: mCD/pwCD, 5–6 F/4 M; mCD/pwWD, 2 F/3 M; mWD/pwCD, 3 F/5–6 M; mWD/pwWD, 5 F/3 M.