. 2023 Nov 4;9(11):e21827. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21827

Table 3.

Estimated regression coefficients of extruded corn flour breakfast cereals for responses final moisture content (final MC (MC_die)), color measurements lightness (L^d), redness (a^d) and yellowness (b^d), particle density (logarithmic form), water absorption index (WAI), water solubility index (WSI), hardness, crispiness and specific mechanical energy (SME).

Factor	Final MC	WAI	WSI (%)	L^d	a^d	b^d	SEI	log(density) (kg/L)	Hardness (kg/s)	Crispiness W_c (Nmm)	Crispiness N_sr (/mm)	SME (kJ/kg)
Intercept	−0.0311^c	−0.96^c	68.35^a	69.40^a	5.68^a	31.62^a	60.95^a	−5.86^a	−12^c	−400^c	−2.06^a	1201^a
FC (x1)	0.0130^c	−4.00^b	61.94^a	3.78^d	−3.34^a	−8.07^b	8.97^c	1.85^d	5.4^c	ns	0.11^c	−650^a
FC (x1x1)	ns	−26.03^c	−377.78^b	−27.72^c	−22.06^c	−116.77^a	ns	ns	−520^b	ns	ns	ns
MC (x2)	0.9329^a	13.21^b	−171.86^a	75.62^a	−29.62^a	−14.04^c	−90.15^a	11.01^a	45^c	1487^b	4.64^d	−2071^a
MC (x2x2)	ns	−490.12^d	−3630.06^a	−586.53^c	385.45^b	368.55^c	−2912.80^b	204.20^d	ns	ns	ns	ns
T (x3)	−0.0005^a	0.03^a	0.07^d	−0.03^d	0.04^a	0.00^c	−0.10^b	−0.01^b	0^c	ns	0.02^a	−2^a
T (x3x3)	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
SFL(x4)	0.3015^a	3.56^c	−118.09^a	10.13^c	−1.43^c	17.40^c	−139.05^a	12.45^a	2^c	1354^b	1.45^c	−614^b
SFL(x4x4)	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	8725^b	ns	528.82^a	ns
FC x MC (x1x2)	−1.9477^b	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	−93.61^a	9421^a
FC x T (x1x3)	ns	0.28^b	0.07^c	0.50^b	−0.07^c	−0.13^c	−1.46^a	0.04^c	ns	ns	ns	ns
FC x SFL (x1x4)	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	−835.26^b	27.86^c	ns	ns	−71.10^b	−12476^a
MC x T (x2x3)	ns	0.19^c	−4.22^b	1.84^a	−1.13^a	−1.15^d	ns	ns	3.9^b	ns	0.42^b	ns
MC x SFL (x2x4)	ns	−211.72^c	3874.48^b	−333.62^c	175.90^c	1416.03^a	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	27855^b
T x SFL (x3x4)	ns	0.60^c	5.24^b	ns	ns	ns	6.65^a	−0.51^b	ns	ns	ns	60.881^a
R² (%)	93.3	91.3	96.9	90.2	96.3	80.9	87.6	84.0	59.6	47.1	91.8	96.9

Ns: Non-significant effects and interactions that are not taken into the model for a parameter.

FC (%) = fibre content (wheat dextrin).

MC (%) = initial moisture content (feed MC).

T (°C) = barrel temperature.

SFL (kg/rev) = specific feeding load.

R² (%) = The proportion of the variance for each response explained by the regression model.

Significant value at p < 0.01.

Significant value at p < 0.05.

Values in the model with insignificant levels (p > 0.05).

Values in the model not significant at α = 0.05, with borderline significance (0.05 < p < 0.15).