Table 1.
Comparison of demographic characteristics of the studied groups.
| Variable | Groups | Control (n = 83) | CAB<%50 (n = 90) | CAB>%50 (n = 92) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (Years) Mean ± SEM |
Total |
53.43 ± 1.14 |
57.46 ± 1.17 a* |
58.87 ± 1.12 b** |
0.003 |
| Waist (cm) Mean ± SEM |
Total |
95.79 ± 1.47 |
98.7 ± 1.38 |
97.28 ± 1.32 |
0.342 |
| BMI (kg/m2) Mean ± SEM |
Total |
24.91 ± 0.49 |
26.11 ± 0.46 |
25.57 ± 0.49 |
0.224 |
| Gender (n (%)) |
Female (n (%)) | 44(42.7) | 33(32) | 26(25.2) |
0.003 |
| Male (n (%)) | 39(24.1) | 57(35.2) | 66(40.7) | ||
| p-value |
0.031a | 0.001 b | |||
| 0.226c | |||||
| Education |
25(31.1) | 24(28.9) | 34(41) | 0.089 |
|
| >diploma (n(%)) | 39(27.9) | 51(36.4) | 50(35.7) | ||
| <diploma (n(%)) | 19(46.3) | 14(34.1) | 8(19.5) | ||
| p-value |
0.563a | 0.101b | |||
| 0.232c | |||||
| Residence |
City (n(%)) | 26(29.5) | 30(34.1) | 32(36.4) | 0.886 |
| Village (n(%)) | 57(32.4) | 59(33.5) | 60(34.1) | ||
| p-value |
0.739a | 0.628b | |||
| 0.879c | |||||
| Smoking |
Yes (n (%)) | 9(19.1) | 21(44.7) | 17(36.2) | 0.090 |
| No (n (%)) | 74(34.1) | 68(31.3) | 75(34.6) | ||
| p-value |
0.028a | 0.156b | |||
| 0.398c | |||||
| Type sport |
Walking (n (%)) | 26(33.3) | 24(30.8) | 28(35.9) | 0.992 |
| Others (n (%)) | 57(35.5) | 51(31.5) | 54(33.3) | ||
| p-value |
0.927a | 0.699b | |||
| 0.755c | |||||
| Sport time per week |
One > hour (n (%)) | 17(34) | 12(24) | 21(42) | <0.001 |
| 1–3 h (n (%)) | 29(25.2) | 27(23.5) | 59(51.3) | ||
| 3<hours (n (%)) | 18(69.2) | 8(30.8) | 0 | ||
| p-value |
0.328a | <0.001 b | |||
|
0.001c | |||||
| Oil consumption |
Liquid oil (n (%)) | 62(36.5) | 59(34.7) | 49(28.8) | 0.063 |
| Solid oil (n (%)) | 17(21.5) | 26(32.9) | 36(45.6) | ||
| Animal oil n (%)) | 5(25) | 5(31.3) | 7(43.7) | ||
| p-value |
0.409a | 0.013 b | |||
| 0.240c | |||||
| Water consumption |
Urban water (n (%)) | 78(33.5) | 78(33.5) | 77(33) | 0.055 |
| Filtered, mineral, water (n (%)) | 4(12.9) | 12(38.7) | 15(48.4) | ||
| p-value |
0.057a | 0.016 b | |||
| 0.573c | |||||
| Fish consumption per month |
1≥ fish (n (%)) | 46(35.1) | 46(35.1) | 39(29.8) | 0.052 |
| 2,3,4 (n (%)) | 35(32.1) | 35(32.1) | 39(35.8) | ||
| 5≤ fish (n (%)) | 2(8) | 9(36) | 14(56) | ||
| p-value |
0.124a | 0.009 b | |||
| 0.395c | |||||
| Rice consumption |
Iranian (n (%)) | 28(34.6) | 21(25.9) | 32(39.5) |
0.035 |
| Indian (n (%)) | 28(32.6) | 38(44.2) | 20(23.3) | ||
| Pakistani (n (%)) | 27(28.1) | 29(30.2) | 40(41.7) | ||
| p-value |
0.295a | 0.160b | |||
|
0.008c | |||||
| Infection Disease |
Yes (n (%)) | 4(26.7) | 6(40) | 5(33.3) | 0.865 |
| No (n (%)) | 79(31.6) | 84(33.6) | 87(34.8) | ||
| p-value |
0.603a | 0.854b | |||
| 0.727c | |||||
| Family history of cardiovascular disease |
Yes (n (%)) | 36(30.8) | 35(29.9) | 46(39.9) | 0.334 |
| No (n (%)) | 47(32) | 54(36.7) | 46(31.3) | ||
| p-value |
0.590a | 0.380b | |||
| 0.149c | |||||
| Hypertension |
Yes (n (%)) | 27(30) | 29(32.2) | 34(37.8) | 0.754 |
| No (n (%)) | 56(32) | 61(34.9) | 58(33.1) | ||
| p-value |
0.966a | 0.539b | |||
| 0.502c | |||||
| Diabetes | Yes (n (%)) | 16(25.8) | 23(37.1) | 23(37.1) | 0.562 |
| No (n (%)) | 67(33) | 67(33) | 69(34) | ||
| p-value | 0.323a | 0.364b | |||
| 0.931c | |||||
Parameters are presented as mean ± SEM and number (%). One-way ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey tests was used to analyze quantitative data, and Fisher's exact/chi-square test was used to analyze qualitative data. a: Comparison of the control and CAB<%50 groups; b: Comparison of the control and CAB>%50 groups; and C: Comparison of the CAB<%50 and CAB>%50 groups. The significance level is P < 0.05.