Table 1.
Leaf curvature and heading regulators identified in Brassica crops.
| Species | Gene name | Gene ID | Function | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| B. rapa L. ssp. pekinensis | BrpSPL9-2 | BraA05g002720.3C | Interacts with BcpLH1/2, BrpREV, and TCP4; controls timing of leaf curvature | [82] |
| B. rapa L. ssp. pekinensis | BcpLH | BraA06g006590.3C | Interacts with other microRNAs, leading to the formation of leaf heading | [81] |
| B. rapa L. ssp. pekinensis | BrpTCP4 | BraA05g032060.3C | Excessive cell proliferation, uneven organ curvature, curved leaves | [105] |
| B. rapa L. ssp. rapa | BrrTCP2 | BraA02g012600.3C | Alters leaf morphology, recovers wavy leaf phenotype of Arabidopsis | [106] |
| B. rapa L. ssp. pekinensis | BrpREV-BrpREV-2 | BraA10g018460.3C BraA02g010200.3C |
Controls leaf curvature | [49] |
| B. rapa L. ssp. pekinensis |
BrWOX1.1 BrWOX1.2 |
BraA05g029540.3C BraA03g038230.3C |
Role in leaf curling; affects leaf heading through leaf polarity | [57] |
| B. rapa L. ssp. pekinensis |
BrWOX3.1 BrWOX3.2 |
BraA04g020450.3C BraA03g024810.3C |
Role in leaf curling; affects leaf heading through leaf polarity | [57] |
| B. rapa L. ssp. pekinensis | BrAN3 | BraA09g004620.3C | Effects head formation in Chinese cabbage | [23] |
| B. rapa ssp. chinensis | BcMYB101 | BraA05g012430.3C | Mutations cause upward leaf curling in pak choi | [120] |
| B. rapa ssp. chinensis | BcAS2 | BraA02g016770.3C | Mutations cause leaf curling in pak choi | [64] |
| B. rapa ssp. chinensis | BcYAB3 | BraA01g037320.3C | Involved in leaf morphology and responsible for leaf curling | [142] |
| B. rapa L. ssp. pekinensis | BrLAX3 | BraA02g000160.3C | Responsible for uneven auxin distribution leading to leafy head formation in Chinese cabbage | [15] |
| B. rapa |
Br-ARF3.1 Br-ARF3.2 |
BraA05g011080.3C BraA04g024390.3C |
Leaf abaxial determinants involved in leaf curling | [45] |
| B. rapa | Br-ARF4.1 | BraA10g018230.3C | Leaf abaxial determinants involved in leaf curling | [43] |
| B. rapa L. ssp. pekinensis | BrOPS | BraA01004411 | Inward curling and heading of leaves | [9] |
|
B. rapa L.ssp. pekinensis |
AHA2 | BraA01g007510.3C | flat-leaf morphology | [133] |
| B. rapa | BrEXLB1 | BraA03g047290.3C | Affect leaf growth and development under drought stress condition | [137] |
| B. rapa | BrLAS | BraA06g000510.3C | Involved in leaf morphology | [138] |
| B. rapa L. ssp. pekinensis | miR319a | GenBank ID KJ130320 | Wavy and bulging leaves | [143] |
| B. rapa | MiR156a | GenBank ID NR_128632.1 | Involved in leaf morphology | [144] |