Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population born in 1940–2018: unadjusted frequencies
| Parameter | Individuals, n (%) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No hypospadias | Any hypospadias |
Distal hypospadias a |
Proximal hypospadias a |
|
| Individuals (N) | 4 267 353 | 17 549 | 12 205 | 1469 |
| Birth year | ||||
| 1940–1951 | 691 188 (16) | 301 (1.7) | 97 (0.8) | 11 (0.8) |
| 1952–1963 | 632 950 (15) | 446 (2.5) | 188 (1.5) | 28 (1.9) |
| 1964–1975 | 686 421 (16) | 1862 (11) | 1 276 (10) | 98 (6.7) |
| 1976–1987 | 583 405 (14) | 2 679 (15) | 1 862 (15) | 106 (7.2) |
| 1988–1999 | 653 450 (15) | 3819 (22) | 1949 (16) | 303 (21) |
| 2000–2018 | 1 019 939 (24) | 8442 (48) | 6833 (56) | 923 (63) |
| Mother’s country of birth | ||||
| Nordic country (including Sweden) | 3 841 085 (90) | 14 243 (81) | 9750 (80) | 1113 (77) |
| Greater Europe | 160 442 (3.8) | 1221 (7.0) | 879 (7.2) | 100 (6.8) |
| Africa | 48 686 (1.1) | 505 (2.9) | 383 (3.1) | 76 (5.2) |
| Asia | 126 341 (3.0) | 1316 (7.5) | 1 016 (8.3) | 137 (9.3) |
| Other | 34 495 (0.8) | 156 (0.9) | 108 (0.9) | 15 (1.0) |
| Data missing | 56 304 (1.3) | 108 (0.6) | 69 (0.6) | 8 (0.5) |
| Breast cancer | 479 (0.0) | NA | NA | NA |
| Upper urinary tract cancer b | 9132 (0.2) | NA | NA | NA |
| Bladder cancer | 14 634 (0.3) | 15 (0.1) | 6 (0.1) | NA |
| Urethral cancer | 153 (0.0) | 5 (0.0) | NA | NA |
| Prostate cancer | 96 636 (2.3) | 42 (0.2) | 11 (0.1) | NA |
| Other male reproductive cancer | 2147 (0.1) | NA | NA | NA |
| Individuals born after 1964c | ||||
| Cryptorchidism | 28 882 (1.2) | 695 (4.6) | 332 (3.1) | 232 (17) |
| Wilms’ tumour | 167 (0.0) | 5 (0.0) | NA | NA |
| Testicular cancer | 3299 (0.1) | 32 (0.2) | 21 (0.2) | 9 (0.7) |
| Seminoma | 1425 (0.1) | 19 (0.1) | 11 (0.1) | 7 (0.6) |
| Nonseminoma | 1249 (0.1) | 6 (0.0) | 5 (0.1) | NA |
| Paediatric testicular cancer d | 178 (0.0) | 6 (0.0) | NA | NA |
NA = number not presented for categories with n < 5.
Distal hypospadias (70% of hypospadias cases) and proximal hypospadias (8.4% of hypospadias cases) phenotypes were identified according to phenotype-specific codes in ICD-8 and ICD-10 (Supplementary Table 1). These results do not sum to 100% of men with hypospadias, as individuals could have received an unspecific diagnosis (Section 2.2).
Kidney, kidney pelvis, and ureter cancer, excluding all kidney cancer cases diagnosed before the age of 18 yr.
The main study population born in 1964–2018 in a Swedish county with full coverage in the National Patient Register.
Testicular cancer diagnosed before the age of 18 yr.