Table 5.
Significant DI-AKI predictors from multivariable logistic regression analysis
| Variable | Odds ratio (95% CI) | P-value |
|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||
| Age, 10 yrs | 0.69 (0.51–0.92) | 0.01 |
| AKI risk factors | ||
| Increased vascular capacity | 0.07 (0.01–0.54) | 0.01 |
| Red blood cells transfusion | 0.18 (0.05–0.65) | < 0.01 |
| Hyperglycemia | 3.72 (1.26–12.1) | 0.02 |
| Contrast exposure | ||
| Days between AKI onset and contrast exposure, days | 1.08 (1.02–1.15) | 0.02 |
| Physical exam | ||
| Confirmed infection | 3.84 (1.35–11.3) | 0.01 |
| Ascites | 0.17 (0.04–0.74) | 0.02 |
| Trends–labs | ||
| Relative SCr diff. (Drug Exposure, Pre-Drug Exposure), 10% | 0.57 (0.41–0.77) | < 0.01 |
| Platelets diff. (AKI Onset, Drug Exposure), 100 × 109/l | 0.40 (0.21–0.73) | < 0.01 |
| WBC diff. (AKI onset, drug exposure), 5 × 109/l | 0.64 (0.41–0.98) | 0.04 |
| Urinalysis | ||
| WBC–heavy, AKI onset | 0.16 (0.03–0.84) | 0.03 |
AKI, acute kidney injury; CI, confidence internal; ICU, intensive care unit; SCr, serum creatinine; WBC, white blood cells
Increased vascular capacity was defined as clinical events leading to reduced blood perfusion to the kidney (e.g., mean arterial pressure <65 mm Hg, sepsis). Hyperglycemia was defined as blood sugar >110 mg/dl or 6.05 mmol/l, or patient is on insulin. Predrug Exposure time point was defined as the day prior to treatment with a candidate nephrotoxic drug. Drug Exposure time point was defined as the first day of treatment with the candidate nephrotoxic drug. AKI Onset time point was defined as the first day of AKI meeting the 2012 Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes AKI stage 2 criteria. Relative SCr Diff. (Drug Exposure, Predrug Exposure) was defined as the relative change in SCr between Drug Exposure and Pre-Drug Exposure time points. WBC in urinalysis was defined as minimal (< 6), moderate (6–20), and heavy (> 21).