Table 3.
Comparison between the developed bEHHO and other binary metaheuristic algorithms on average error values of KNN.
| Dataset | Metric | bEHHO | bPSO | bBA | bSSA | bWOA | bSMA | bHHO |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Australian | Avg | 8.1292E−02 | 8.5410E−02 | 2.0155E−01 | 8.8370E−02 | 8.7002E−02 | 8.9904E−02 | 8.9904E−02 |
| Std | 3.2624E−02 | 2.6396E−02 | 8.5601E−02 | 2.3010E−02 | 1.6987E−02 | 1.9263E−02 | 2.8974E−02 | |
| blood | Avg | 0.0000E + 00 | 0.0000E + 00 | 1.1429E−01 | 0.0000E + 00 | 0.0000E + 00 | 0.0000E + 00 | 0.0000E + 00 |
| Std | 0.0000E + 00 | 0.0000E + 00 | 1.0581E−01 | 0.0000E + 00 | 0.0000E + 00 | 0.0000E + 00 | 0.0000E + 00 | |
| Brain_Tumor1 | Avg | 4.1111E−02 | 5.3333E−02 | 1.3000E−01 | 5.2222E−02 | 6.5556E−02 | 4.3333E−02 | 5.4444E−02 |
| Std | 7.1059E−02 | 7.3479E−02 | 8.5755E−02 | 5.5196E−02 | 5.6522E−02 | 5.6035E−02 | 5.7485E−02 | |
| Brain_Tumor2 | Avg | 6.6260E−02 | 7.6667E−02 | 2.6500E−01 | 9.6667E−02 | 1.2167E−01 | 1.1167E−01 | 7.0952E−02 |
| Std | 1.0124E−01 | 9.9443E−02 | 1.9696E−01 | 1.0238E−01 | 1.0659E−01 | 1.4908E−01 | 9.3002E−02 | |
| Breastcancer | Avg | 8.5513E−03 | 1.1389E−02 | 5.7289E−02 | 1.2817E−02 | 1.1470E−02 | 1.5714E−02 | 1.1511E−02 |
| Std | 1.2036E−02 | 1.4617E−02 | 2.5317E−02 | 1.4157E−02 | 9.0500E−03 | 1.5721E−02 | 1.6316E−02 | |
| CNS | Avg | 8.3333E−02 | 1.1429E−01 | 3.6524E−01 | 1.1667E−01 | 1.0095E−01 | 8.6667E−02 | 1.1667E−01 |
| Std | 8.7841E−02 | 1.3645E−01 | 1.2856E−01 | 1.1249E−01 | 8.7943E−02 | 1.2090E−01 | 8.0508E−02 | |
| Congress | Avg | 1.1364E−02 | 1.3848E−02 | 1.1263E−01 | 1.3795E−02 | 1.1628E−02 | 1.6068E−02 | 1.1522E−02 |
| Std | 2.2087E−02 | 1.6195E−02 | 7.7276E−02 | 1.1875E−02 | 1.9764E−02 | 1.8920E−02 | 1.6197E−02 | |
| DLCBL | Avg | 0.0000E + 00 | 1.4286E−02 | 1.3036E−01 | 1.2500E−02 | 1.2500E−02 | 1.2500E−02 | 1.2500E−02 |
| Std | 0.0000E + 00 | 4.5175E−02 | 1.0749E−01 | 3.9528E−02 | 3.9528E−02 | 3.9528E−02 | 3.9528E−02 | |
| glass | Avg | 9.3668E−02 | 1.0648E−01 | 3.3366E−01 | 9.8894E−02 | 1.2949E−01 | 1.0140E−01 | 1.1616E−01 |
| Std | 6.6554E−02 | 5.5435E−02 | 1.7501E−01 | 5.6624E−02 | 5.1048E−02 | 5.3886E−02 | 5.3691E−02 | |
| Heart | Avg | 6.6667E−02 | 8.1481E−02 | 2.0741E−01 | 9.2593E−02 | 8.1481E−02 | 7.0370E−02 | 7.7778E−02 |
| Std | 5.1793E−02 | 4.8762E−02 | 8.4096E−02 | 1.9520E−02 | 3.4035E−02 | 4.7655E−02 | 3.2429E−02 | |
| hepatitisfulldata | Avg | 6.2500E−03 | 6.6667E−03 | 1.6797E−01 | 1.3333E−02 | 1.2917E−02 | 1.2917E−02 | 1.2500E−02 |
| Std | 1.9764E−02 | 2.1082E−02 | 9.1223E−02 | 2.8109E−02 | 2.7248E−02 | 2.7248E−02 | 2.6352E−02 | |
| Ionosphere | Avg | 5.5556E−03 | 1.1517E−02 | 1.1971E−01 | 1.7152E−02 | 1.1354E−02 | 2.0014E−02 | 1.4216E−02 |
| Std | 1.1712E−02 | 2.0335E−02 | 3.4981E−02 | 1.4772E−02 | 1.4665E−02 | 1.9581E−02 | 1.4997E−02 | |
| JPNdata | Avg | 1.2917E−02 | 3.9167E−02 | 2.0310E−01 | 2.5833E−02 | 2.0000E−02 | 1.9167E−02 | 3.9226E−02 |
| Std | 2.7248E−02 | 4.6114E−02 | 9.8054E−02 | 4.5846E−02 | 4.4997E−02 | 3.0882E−02 | 3.3867E−02 | |
| Leukemia | Avg | 0.0000E + 00 | 0.0000E + 00 | 1.0119E−01 | 0.0000E + 00 | 0.0000E + 00 | 0.0000E + 00 | 0.0000E + 00 |
| Std | 0.0000E + 00 | 0.0000E + 00 | 9.8009E−02 | 0.0000E + 00 | 0.0000E + 00 | 0.0000E + 00 | 0.0000E + 00 | |
| Leukemia1 | Avg | 0.0000E + 00 | 0.0000E + 00 | 6.8452E−02 | 0.0000E + 00 | 0.0000E + 00 | 0.0000E + 00 | 0.0000E + 00 |
| Std | 0.0000E + 00 | 0.0000E + 00 | 9.3958E−02 | 0.0000E + 00 | 0.0000E + 00 | 0.0000E + 00 | 0.0000E + 00 | |
| Leukemia2 | Avg | 0.0000E + 00 | 1.2500E−02 | 6.9643E−02 | 0.0000E + 00 | 1.4286E−02 | 1.4286E−02 | 0.0000E + 00 |
| Std | 0.0000E + 00 | 3.9528E−02 | 7.3603E−02 | 0.0000E + 00 | 4.5175E−02 | 4.5175E−02 | 0.0000E + 00 | |
| Lung_Cancer | Avg | 1.9549E−02 | 2.9286E−02 | 5.9311E−02 | 3.0104E−02 | 3.0050E−02 | 3.1190E−02 | 2.4311E−02 |
| Std | 2.5279E−02 | 3.3766E−02 | 3.1087E−02 | 2.6027E−02 | 4.2322E−02 | 5.2794E−02 | 3.4100E−02 | |
| lungcancer_3class | Avg | 0.0000E + 00 | 0.0000E + 00 | 3.9167E−01 | 2.5000E−02 | 5.8333E−02 | 2.5000E−02 | 0.0000E + 00 |
| Std | 0.0000E + 00 | 0.0000E + 00 | 2.3257E−01 | 7.9057E−02 | 1.2454E−01 | 7.9057E−02 | 0.0000E + 00 | |
| penglung | Avg | 0.0000E + 00 | 2.4286E−02 | 9.5794E−02 | 0.0000E + 00 | 4.8611E−02 | 2.5000E−02 | 2.9167E−02 |
| Std | 0.0000E + 00 | 5.2186E−02 | 8.7993E−02 | 0.0000E + 00 | 8.6178E−02 | 5.2705E−02 | 6.2268E−02 | |
| Prostate_Tumor | Avg | 4.7273E−02 | 5.0000E−02 | 1.8273E−01 | 6.0000E−02 | 4.8182E−02 | 4.9091E−02 | 4.9091E−02 |
| Std | 6.5807E−02 | 8.4984E−02 | 1.5531E−01 | 6.9921E−02 | 6.9373E−02 | 5.1817E−02 | 5.1817E−02 | |
| Sonar | Avg | 0.0000E + 00 | 4.7619E−03 | 1.3437E−01 | 1.4286E−02 | 4.7619E−03 | 9.3074E−03 | 5.0000E−03 |
| Std | 0.0000E + 00 | 1.5058E−02 | 8.6979E−02 | 2.3002E−02 | 1.5058E−02 | 1.9628E−02 | 1.5811E−02 | |
| SRBCT | Avg | 0.0000E + 00 | 0.0000E + 00 | 6.9444E−02 | 1.2500E−02 | 0.0000E + 00 | 0.0000E + 00 | 0.0000E + 00 |
| Std | 0.0000E + 00 | 0.0000E + 00 | 1.4164E−01 | 3.9528E−02 | 0.0000E + 00 | 0.0000E + 00 | 0.0000E + 00 | |
| thyroid_2class | Avg | 2.0322E−01 | 2.0833E−01 | 2.8901E−01 | 2.1971E−01 | 2.3023E−01 | 2.1415E−01 | 2.0860E−01 |
| Std | 4.1517E−02 | 6.8626E−02 | 1.1606E−01 | 5.5405E−02 | 5.2935E−02 | 6.2951E−02 | 8.6781E−02 | |
| Tumors_9 | Avg | 1.4286E−02 | 4.3452E−02 | 4.2190E−01 | 4.5000E−02 | 4.6786E−02 | 3.3333E−02 | 5.5952E−02 |
| Std | 4.5175E−02 | 7.0656E−02 | 2.1689E−01 | 9.5598E−02 | 7.7563E−02 | 1.0541E−01 | 7.3128E−02 | |
| Tumors_11 | Avg | 4.5425E−02 | 5.7655E−02 | 1.3449E−01 | 5.3391E−02 | 6.8451E−02 | 6.0500E−02 | 5.2659E−02 |
| Std | 5.8326E−02 | 3.9356E−02 | 8.8641E−02 | 5.7890E−02 | 6.5633E−02 | 5.0217E−02 | 6.4383E−02 | |
| USAdata | Avg | 2.3545E−01 | 2.4014E−01 | 3.7112E−01 | 2.4529E−01 | 2.4700E−01 | 2.4527E−01 | 2.3845E−01 |
| Std | 2.6472E−02 | 1.9244E−02 | 7.7078E−02 | 1.5426E−02 | 1.2980E−02 | 1.6981E−02 | 2.2238E−02 | |
| Vote | Avg | 1.0007E−02 | 1.6667E−02 | 8.9162E−02 | 1.3341E−02 | 1.0230E−02 | 1.0230E−02 | 1.3226E−02 |
| Std | 1.6122E−02 | 2.8328E−02 | 9.6982E−02 | 1.7231E−02 | 1.6475E−02 | 1.6475E−02 | 1.7077E−02 | |
| wdbc | Avg | 3.5088E−03 | 3.5088E−03 | 4.9096E−02 | 6.9570E−03 | 8.8033E−03 | 8.7741E−03 | 5.2632E−03 |
| Std | 7.3971E−03 | 7.3971E−03 | 2.2996E−02 | 1.2113E−02 | 1.2430E−02 | 9.2510E−03 | 1.1841E−02 | |
| Wielaw | Avg | 4.5681E−02 | 4.9681E−02 | 2.2952E−01 | 7.0514E−02 | 6.6862E−02 | 5.8000E−02 | 5.0196E−02 |
| Std | 4.1097E−02 | 3.7181E−02 | 9.5825E−02 | 4.4044E−02 | 5.2936E−02 | 3.4888E−02 | 3.3345E−02 | |
| Wine | Avg | 0.0000E + 00 | 0.0000E + 00 | 1.5139E−01 | 0.0000E + 00 | 0.0000E + 00 | 0.0000E + 00 | 0.0000E + 00 |
| Std | 0.0000E + 00 | 0.0000E + 00 | 1.0110E−01 | 0.0000E + 00 | 0.0000E + 00 | 0.0000E + 00 | 0.0000E + 00 | |
| Overall Rank | +/=/− | ∼ | 23/7/0 | 30/0/0 | 24/6/0 | 25/5/0 | 25/5/0 | 23/7/0 |
| Avg | 1.00 | 2.93 | 7.00 | 3.83 | 3.70 | 3.43 | 3.00 | |
| Rank | 1 | 2 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 |