FIGURE 1.

(a) Schematic illustration of the pathogenesis of intestinal fibrogenesis. As a result of chronic inflammation, the excessive immune response generates pro‐inflammatory and pro‐fibrotic molecules triggering the recruitment, proliferation, differentiation, and activation of ECM‐producing cells, which are central to the pathogenesis of fibrosis. The pro‐inflammatory and pro‐fibrotic factors released from the activated fibroblasts and immune cells produce a feedback loop, leading to an inflammation‐facilitated fibrosis process. (b) Anti‐fibrotic targets at different levels are summarized. Based on the understanding of the mechanisms underlying intestinal fibrogenesis, anti‐fibrotic targets at molecular, cellular, and tissue levels are summarized, and the corresponding therapeutic strategies are discussed.