TABLE 1.
Episodic head tremor semiology in idiopathic and structural episodic head tremor.
| Episodic (nonintentional) head tremor semiology | ||
|---|---|---|
| Idiopathic episodic head tremor (IEHT) (n = 71) | Structural episodic head tremor (SEHT) (n = 29) | |
| Distractible to call of name, sound, or volitional movement a |
Distractible (28/41; 68.3%) Nondistractible (13/41; 31.7%) |
Distractible (9/10; 90%) Nondistractible (1/10; 10%) |
| Direction of episodic head tremor b |
Horizontal (22/65; 33.8%) Vertical (21/65; 32.3%) Rotatory (7/65; 10.8%) Changing directions (1/65; 1.5%) |
Horizontal (4/12; 33.3%) Vertical (7/12; 58.3%) Rotatory (1/12; 8.3%) Changing directions (1/12; 8.3%) |
| Consciousness during episodic head tremor c |
Intact consciousness (62/65; 95.4%) Possibly impaired (3/65; 4.6%) |
Intact consciousness (23/24; 95.8%) Possibly impaired (1/24; 4.2%) |
| Episode duration d | Median duration 6 minutes (range, 5 seconds to 6 hours) | Median duration 1 minute (range, 30 seconds to 3.5 minutes) |
| Episode frequency e |
Daily (from 1 to multiple per day): 19 Weekly: 12 Sporadically (from 1 per month to every 6‐9 months): 10 |
Daily (from 1 to multiple per day): 9 Weekly: 5 |
| Progression over time regarding its occurrence frequency f |
Progressive (13/29; 44.8%) Nonprogressive (16/29; 55.1%) |
Progressive (10/13; 76.9%) Nonprogressive (3/13; 23.0%) |
| Reported triggers |
Stress (n = 2) Exercise (n = 2) Fish oils, flea treatment, phenobarbital administration, hospitalization, being told off by the owner, fight with another dog, involvement in a car accident, tiredness, playing with a toy, fireworks, whelping, traveling, dietary change (each of them n = 1) |
None |
| Medications used before referral which reportedly decreased episodic head tremor |
Phenobarbital (n = 3) Rectal diazepam (n = 1) |
None |
| Medications used before referral which reportedly did not alter episodic head tremor | Imepitoin, meloxicam, propentofylline (n = 2 each) amantadine, methylprednisolone, potassium bromide (n = 1 each) | Phenobarbital, imepitoin, oral diazepam, meloxicam, and gabapentin (n = 1 each) |
Data available for 41 dogs with IEHT and 10 with SEHT.
Data available for 65 dogs with IEHT and 12 with SEHT.
Data available for 65 dogs with IEHT and 24 with SEHT.
Data available for 48 dogs with IEHT and 8 with SEHT.
Data available for 41 dogs with IEHT and 14 with SEHT.
Data available for 29 dogs with IEHT and 13 with SEHT.