Table 1.

Characteristics of Auditory Hallucinations in PTSD and Schizophrenia

	PTSD	Schizophrenia
Presence (Braakman et al., 2009; Butler et al., 1996)	Discrete flashbacks or continuous	Often continuous
Theme (Hardy et al., 2005; Wearne & Genetti, 2015)	Often no relation to trauma, but occasionally share the content and theme. Negative voices are more common than in schizophrenia.	Negative voices tend to have predominantly shaming themes, while positive voices are associated with greater control and positive attribution.
Associated delusions (Wearne & Genetti, 2015; Hamner et al., 2000)	Less common and less intense – more delusion-like beliefs rather than true delusions	More common and more intense
Ego-syntonic hallucinations (Brewin & Patel, 2010a; McCarthy-Jones et al., 2014)	More common	Less common
Subjective distress from the hallucinations (Jessop, Scott, & Nurcombe, 2008)	Higher	Lower
Command auditory hallucinations (Scott et al., 2007)	Less common	More common
Perceived locus (Scott et al., 2007; Jessop et al., 2008)	Often internal	Internal or external
Ability to identify the person whose voice is heard (Brewin & Patel, 2010a; Anketell et al., 2010; McCarthy-Jones et al., 2014)	More common	Less common
History of abuse (Wearne & Genetti, 2015)	Much more common	Less common