Table 4.

Commercial Insulin Products and Their Production Host System.

Insulin type	Structure	Action	Host system
Human insulin	Identical to native human insulin	Fast/short/intermediate/long acting depending on formulation	E coli H polymorpha P pastoris S cerevisiae
Insulin glargine	A-chain: glycine instead of asparagine at position 21 B-chain: addition of two arginines at positions 31 and 32	Long acting	E coli P pastoris
Insulin lispro	B-chain: inversion of native B28-B29 proline-lysine sequence	Fast acting and short acting	E coli
Insulin aspart	B-chain: aspartic acid in place of proline in position 28	Fast acting	E coli S cerevisiae