TABLE 2.

Characteristics of BCATs.

Name	Transaminase subtype	Location in the cell	Characteristics	References
Homo sapiens	BCAT1	cytoplasm	Expressed mainly in the brain	Wang et al. (2015)
	BCAT2	mitochondria	Expressed in almost all organs	Knerr et al. (2019)
Oryza sativa	OsDIAT	cytoplasm	Regulate drought resistance	Shim et al. (2023)
Solanum lycopersicum	SlBCAT1	mitochondria	High branched-chain ketoacid synthesis activity, multi-plant tissue expression	Maloney et al. (2010)
	SlBCAT2	mitochondria	High branched-chain ketoacid synthesis activity, multi-plant tissue expression	Maloney et al. (2010)
	SlBCAT3	chloroplast	Role in BCAA synthesis, multi-plant tissue expression	Maloney et al. (2010)
	SlBCAT4	chloroplast	Role in BCAA synthesis, multi-plant tissue expression	Maloney et al. (2010)
	SlBCAT5	cytoplasm	Undetectable	Maloney et al. (2010)
	SlBCAT6	vacuole	Undetectable	Maloney et al. (2010)
Arabidopsis thaliana	AtBCAT1	mitochondria	It is mainly active in catabolism	Diebold et al. (2002)
	AtBCAT2	chloroplast	Acts in BCAA synthesis and is expressed only in flowers	Diebold et al. (2002)
	AtBCAT3	chloroplast	Role in BCAA synthesis	Diebold et al. (2002)
	AtBCAT4	cytoplasm	Lack of targeting sequences	Diebold et al. (2002)
	AtBCAT5	chloroplast	Role in BCAA synthesis	Diebold et al. (2002)
	AtBCAT6	cytoplasm	Lack of targeting sequence, expressed in flowered carpus	Diebold et al. (2002)
Triticum aestivum	Ta BCAT1	mitochondria	Role in BCAA synthesis	Corredor-Moreno et al. (2021)
Magnaporthe oryzae	BAT1	mitochondria	Role in BCAA synthesis	Que et al. (2020)
	BAT2	cytoplasm	Deletion of this gene	Que et al. (2020)
	BAT3	——	Postulated	Que et al. (2020)
Mortierella alpina	BatA	mitochondria	Role in BCAA synthesis	Sonnabend et al. (2022)
	——	——	——	Sonnabend et al. (2022)
	BatC	——	Homologous to the BAT3 gene	Sonnabend et al. (2022)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae	Bat1	mitochondria	Not only in the production of BCAAs but also in the generation of fusel alcohols	Toyokawa et al. (2021)
	Bat2	cytoplasm	Not only in the production of BCAAs but also in the generation of fusel alcohols	Toyokawa et al. (2021)
Pseudomonas sp.	PsBCAT	cytoplasm	Activity of aromatic L-amino acids, L-histidine, L-lysine and L-threonine	Zheng et al. (2019)
Aspergillus nidulans	BatA	mitochondria	Not necessary for the synthesis of BCAA.	Shimizu et al. (2010)
	BatB	cytoplasm	Not necessary for the synthesis of branched-chain amino acids, mainly catabolic enzymes	Shimizu et al. (2010)
	BatC	mitochondria	Not necessary for the synthesis of BCAA.	Shimizu et al. (2010)
	BatD	cytoplasm	Not necessary for the synthesis of BCAA.	Shimizu et al. (2010)
	BatE	cytoplasm	Not necessary for the synthesis of BCAA.	Shimizu et al. (2010)
	BatF	cytoplasm	Not necessary for the synthesis of BCAA.	Shimizu et al. (2010)