Table 1. Brief description of the data.

GERD: Gastroesophageal reflux disease; PPI: Proton-pump inhibitor; SDM: Self-directed management; PRO's: Patient-Reported Outcomes; NERD: Non-erosive reflex disease

Serial no.	Author and year	Study design	Treatment	Outcome
1	Frazzoni et al. 2023 [14]	Practice-oriented concise answers to clinical questions, with the aim of optimizing patient GERD management and healthcare resource use	Patients were diagnosed by endoscopy and treated with proton-pump inhibitors and surgery.	Only in cases where eosinophilic esophagitis is suspected should esophageal biopsies be carried out. Repeat endoscopy should only be performed on patients with LA grade C and D esophagitis following PPI medication. The preferred diagnostic for confirming or ruling out GERD is impedance-pH monitoring. Patients with GERD who also experience concurrent dyspeptic symptoms may benefit from prokinetics.
2	Klenzak et al. 2018 [15]	Management of gastroesophageal reflux disease: using endoscope versus wireless pH probe	In ambulatory 24-hour pH monitoring, wireless pH sensors are used to quantify the amount of gastric acid that is directly exposed to the esophagus.	With the use of this diagnostic technique, reflux frequency may be measured and information on the correlation between the onset of symptoms and reflux episodes can be obtained.
3	Shah et al. 2014 [16]	Management of gastroesophageal reflux disease: a review of medical and surgical management	For the study, 50 individuals with confirmed endoscopic and esophageal manometry diagnoses of gastroesophageal reflux disease were selected. Over the course of three months, the patient was prescribed a proton pump inhibitor (tablet pantoprazole, 40 mg twice a day) and a prokinetic drug (tablet levosulpiride, 75 mg twice a day).	After three months, twenty patients had improved symptoms, and thirty had not. According to the study, all patients with reflux should follow a conservative treatment plan; if non-invasive measures are not successful, surgery can be required. Laparoscopy Toupet's fundoplication is a minimally invasive surgical treatment option that works well, but more research with a bigger sample size and longer follow-up is needed to determine its long-term consequences.
4	Roark al. 2020 [17]	Management of gastroesophageal reflux disease via various methods in a comprehensive review	Among the various management options include surgery, minimally invasive procedures, medication therapy, and lifestyle modification. The ultimate decision about treatment should be based on a case-by-case, multidisciplinary team that includes a surgeon, gastroenterologist, and primary care physician, using an individual, patient-centered approach.	The ultimate decision about treatment should be based on a case-by-case, multidisciplinary team that includes a surgeon, gastroenterologist, and primary care physician, using an individual, patient-centered approach.
5	Chhabra et al. 2022 [18]	Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD): highlighting lifestyle changes	Lately, the side effects of the PPI class of drugs have come to the attention of both patients and clinicians. Furthermore, there has been a notable decline in surgical fundoplication and an increase in the development of non-medical therapeutic approaches for GERD. Making lifestyle adjustments is essential for the treatment of GERD.	There are individual differences in how GERD symptoms react to various diets. The research suggests that there might be a link between the incidence of reflux and chocolates, salty foods, foods high in fat, and aerated drinks, even if there is not enough evidence to back up this claim. Other factors in lifestyle adjustments include smoking, being overweight or obese, the head of the bed, patients' laying down positions, and physical activity.
6	Savarino et al. 2021 [19]	Pharmacological management of gastro-esophageal reflux disease collected from different reviews	This review offers an overview of the most recent developments in the pathophysiology of this illness and the novel medications that have entered the market to fill in some of the gaps left by the failure of PPIs in standard therapy. Diagnostic tests that help differentiate between esophageal functional problems and real GERD include high-resolution manometry and 24-hour impedance-pH monitoring.	The main treatment for this condition is proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), although some people still have symptoms. Patients with non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) encounter difficult clinical circumstances that call for testing and steer clear of empirical therapy. Novel medications have been created to strengthen the protective qualities of the mucosa, and randomized clinical trials have shown encouraging outcomes.
7	Katzka et al. 2020 [20]	Advances in the diagnosis and management of gastroesophageal reflux disease	The goals of care are to reduce potential health hazards and relieve symptoms by using a mix of surgery, medication (mostly to prevent or control stomach acid secretion), lifestyle changes, and diagnostic tests.	The goals of management include reducing health risks and relieving symptoms by lifestyle changes, medication, surgery, and diagnostic testing. However, GERD is a chronic, recurrent illness; thus, it is debatable if this applies to different GERD subtypes.